Release date: 2017-07-03
Swiss scientists published a paper in the latest issue of Nature and Cell Biology, saying they found the secret of embryonic stem cells to remain "all-powerful": a protein called "Pramel7" prevents methylation of its genetic material To enable it to develop into any type of cell.
Embryonic stem cells are considered to be "all-round" cells that can differentiate into all types of cells, and adult stem cells and laboratory-grown artificial embryonic stem cells do not have this "totality." Previous studies have found that the lower the degree of methylation, the more open the genome and the greater the potential for cell differentiation. "Pluripotent" adult stem cells can only call genetic material related to their own functions. The genetic material related to other types of cells is methylated, and gene expression is inhibited, making it difficult to differentiate into other types of cells, such as using fat. Stem cells have difficulty obtaining nerve or liver cells.
In the latest study, the research team led by Rafael Santoro of the University of Zurich in Switzerland and Paul Sineri of the University Hospital of Zurich found that in the first few days of natural embryos, a type called "Pramel7" Protein expression is very active, preventing the genetic material from being "closed" due to methylation, keeping the genome open. The presence of this protein was hardly found in artificially cultured embryonic stem cells.
The team found through experiments that after shutting down the gene expression related to the "Pramel7" protein, the genomic methylation level will rise sharply, and the stem cells will stop developing, leading to embryonic death. This means that although the protein acts only during the first few days of embryonic development, it is essential for maintaining normal development.
The study also found that by enhancing the expression of this gene in artificial embryonic stem cells, more "Pramel7" protein can be produced, reducing the methylation level of the entire genome. This finding may increase the differentiation potential of artificial embryonic stem cells for medical research and organ repair. Sinelli said he hopes to use this latest discovery to develop transplantable bone tissue from artificial embryonic stem cells and develop new ways to treat severe bone damage.
Source: Technology Daily
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