In recent years, the use of plastic greenhouses to grow thin-skinned melons has continued to expand. So, how can we achieve the early mature market in winter and spring?
First, choose a variety
In winter and spring cultivation, the varieties with early maturity, cold-resistance, disease resistance, high sugar content, and good flavor should be selected, such as Qingzhou silver melon, Hongcheng brittle, brittle rock candy, and Lama yellow.
Second, nurture strong seedlings
The criteria for strong seedlings of thin-skinned melons are: green leaf color, thick stems, short internodes, well-developed roots, no pests and diseases, about 35 days of seedling age, and 4-5 true leaves.
1. Nutrition soil preparation. Mix 60% of the fertile soil with 40% of the decomposed rotizer, and then add 50% of the carbendazim WP to 100 grams per cubic meter of mixed soil. The nutrient soil is irrigated and the small arch shed is warmed up.
2. Seed treatment. The seeds were placed in warm water of 55°C-60°C, stirring was continued, the water temperature was lowered to 30°C, and the seeds were soaked for 4 hours. Then, 0.2% potassium permanganate solution soaked for 20 minutes, remove and rinse with water, wrapped with gauze, germination at 28 °C -30 °C conditions. Wash with warm water once a day until most of the seeds are dewy.
3. Sow. Select sowing on sunny days, sow 1-2 seeds of germination in each nutrient bowl, then evenly cover 1 cm of moist nutrient soil, and cover the film to increase the temperature. Seedlings are generally sown from late January to mid-February.
4. Seedling management. (1) Temperature management. From sowing to emergence, keep 25°C-30°C during the day and 16°C-18°C during the night. After 3 days of sowing, the film should be removed, kept at 25°C during the day and 13°C-15°C during the night, so as to prevent excessive growth. 10 days before planting, the seedlings were ventilated and kept at 22°C-25°C during the day and 10°C-12°C at night.
(2) Water management. When pouring enough water at the time of sowing, before the first true leaf appears, it is generally not suitable to water. Seedlings can be watered 1-2 times during the seedling stage, and water can be poured 3-5 days before planting.
(3) Dwarf treatment and topping. When the seedlings have 2 leaves and 1 heart, 60 ppm ethephon spray can play a role in dwarfing and promoting female flower formation. Thin-skinned melons are dominated by vine vines and sun vines, and they must be picked up early on the main vines in 3 true leaves.
In addition, once the seedlings have been unearthed, a 0.5 to 1 cm thick moist nutrient soil is spread on the seedbed once to fill the cracks and protect the soil. In order to prevent the occurrence of disease at the seedling stage, spraying 70% of mancozeb WP 800 times once every 7 days.
Third, colonization
The soil is required to be deep, fertile and loose. In the greenhouse, high ridge colonization was used. Each acre requires application of rotted organic fertilizer 4000-5000 kg, superphosphate 100 kg, ammonium bicarbonate 40 kg, cake fertilizer 150 kg. 2/3 of the basal fertilizer is thrown into the soil when it is deeply plowed. After leveling the ground, press a small row spacing of 0.5 meters, a large row of 1 meter, draw a good line in the shed, spread the remaining basal fertilizer on the line, spread the width of 40 cm, and then mix with the soil, make the bottom width 40 cm, top 20 cm wide and 15 cm high.
Muskmelon seedlings colonize with 4-5 leaves. North China is generally planted in mid-March. Choose sunny days, dig a hole on the ridge, plant the seedlings by 0.4 meters from the hole, and pour enough water. Then close the hole, level the ridge, and cover the film.
IV. Management after planting
1. Temperature and humidity control. The slow seedling stage requires a relatively high temperature, and maintains 28°C-32°C during the day and 14°C-16°C during the night. Therefore, the plastic film should be sealed during this period. After the planting, in case of cold weather, it is necessary to strengthen the heat preservation and cover the small arch shed in the shed. If necessary, cover the grasshoppers at night to prevent freezing seedlings. After easing the seedlings, appropriate ventilation and cooling should be adopted. The temperature should be 25°C-30°C during the day and 15°C-18°C during the night. After sitting in the melon, the temperature can be appropriately increased, and the temperature can be maintained at 28°C-32°C during the day and 18°C-20°C at night. Muskmelon requires lower air humidity, relative humidity of 50% -60% is appropriate, if long-term higher than 70%, it is prone to disease. Therefore, mulching should be adopted on the cultivation, and dark water should be poured under the film.
2. Top dressing watering. Extension of vines must be timely watering and topdressing, combined with watering per acre 10 kg of urea, female flowers should be controlled after the emergence of watering. When most of the plants have two melons sitting, they can begin to pour water and use 20 kg of diammonium phosphate per acre in combination with watering. The melon period can be topped with 30 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per acre, and watered immediately. The melon period can also be combined with spraying for foliar dressing 2-3 times, the flowering period can be sprayed with 0.1% borax to facilitate sitting melon.
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