Lu County, Pei County farmers to inquire: Which fertilizer is not suitable for spring farming fertilizer?
Luoyang Agricultural Machinery Expert: Seed fertilizer refers to fertilizer that is applied at the same time as sowing or mixing with seeds. Fertilizer has great influence on crop seeds. If proper selection can ensure smooth germination of seed and vigorous growth of seedlings, some fertilizers are not suitable for seed fertilizer.
Corrosive fertilizers: Ammonium bicarbonate, ammonia water is volatile and corrosive, easily smoked seeds and seedlings, superphosphate contains free sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid, will cause damage to seed germination and seedling growth, generally not suitable for seed fertilizer. This kind of fertilizer can be applied under the seeding ditch or separated from the seed by a certain soil layer, or mixed with superphosphate and earth fertilizer.
Poisonous fertilizer: Urea often contains a small amount of biuret, which is toxic to the seed and seedlings. In addition, urea molecules with a high nitrogen content penetrate into the protein molecules of the seed, denature the protein, and affect seed germination.
Fertilizers containing harmful ions: Potassium chloride, ammonium chloride and other chemical fertilizers contain chloride ions. When applied to the soil, they produce water-soluble chlorides, which are detrimental to seed germination and seedling growth. Nitrate ions contained in fertilizers such as ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate also affect seed germination.
Alkaline fertilizers: Kiln ash potash, steel slag phosphate fertilizer and other alkaline fertilizers are also not suitable for seed fertilizer. Potash kiln ash has strong hygroscopicity, and it releases a lot of heat after absorbing water, easily burning seeds and radicles. If it is used as a fertilizer, it must be mixed with organic fertilizer, applied into the sowing ditch, and then sown with cover soil.
Not all nitrogen fertilizers are suitable for seed fertilizers. They must both strictly control the amount of nitrogen applied to the seed fertilizer and select nitrogen fertilizers. Single nitrogen fertilizer and ammonium sulfate are suitable for seed fertilizer, and ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate and urea are not suitable.
Medicine Peptides and protein drugs are emerging. There are now 35 important therapeutics on the market, and the development of biotechnology and biopharmaceutical companies is becoming increasingly global. Biotechnology drug research focuses on the application of DNA recombinant technology to develop peptides, proteins, enzymes, hormones, vaccines, cell growth factors and monoclonal antibodies that can be used in clinical applications. According to Parexl's Pharmaceutical R&D Statistical Source Book, there are currently 723 biotech drugs under FDA review (including phase â…° to iii clinical and FDA evaluation), 700 drugs are in early stage (research and preclinical). More than 200 additional drugs are in the final stage of approval (Phase iii clinical and FDA evaluation). The basic dosage form of biotech drugs is lyophilized. Although the efficacy of conventional preparations has long been clinically proven, they need to be injected frequently for a long time due to their short half-life, which is difficult to accept from the perspective of psychological and economic burden on patients. To this end, scholars around the world mainly from two aspects to study and develop convenient and reasonable drug delivery approaches and new preparations: (1) embedment agent and sustained-release injection. â‘¡ Non-injectable dosage forms, such as respiratory inhalation, rectal administration, nasal administration, oral administration and transdermal administration, etc. Injectable preparations of sustained-release biotechnological drugs are new dosage forms with promising applications. Some of them, such as microsphere injections of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) analogues which can be sustained-release for 1 to 3 months, have been on the market. This paper focuses on this kind of preparations.Main types of peptides and protein drug sustained-release preparations The research and development of peptides and protein drug sustained-release preparations can be divided into two types, namely, embedment agent and microsphere injection, from the perspective of development process and dosage form. The shape of the implant is a hollow micro-fine rod, one end is closed, the other end is open, and the rod material is non-biodegradable polymer such as ptfe. The lumen was filled with a mixture of drugs and silica gel (silastic, polydimethylsiloxane). The implant is embedded under the skin, and the drug is released slowly through the opening of silica gel matrix. The American Physicians' Handbook (PDR) contains a product called Norplant? Levo-18 ethyl norethinnes, used in family planning. The preparation, each with a diameter of 2.4 mm and a length of 34 mm, is surgically implanted in the inner side of the patient's upper arm with 6 thin rods. The drug can be released in the body in zero-grade mode for up to 5 years, and then removed by surgery after release,1.1.2 Micro-osmotic pump embedding agent The United States Alza company in the 1970s developed an embedding agent shaped like a capsule, which is embedded in the skin or other parts. The body fluid can penetrate through the shell, dissolve the interlayer electrolytic layer, make the volume expansion of the interlayer pressure to the plastic inner cavity, and promote the drug solution from the opening of the fixed speed release. Many biomolecular drugs, such as insulin, heparin and nerve growth factor, have been reported as model drugs in vivo and in vitro. Implants have positive significance for the treatment of chronic patients who need long-term medication, but it has the following defects: â‘ must be surgically implanted. â‘¡ The skeleton material of the preparation is non-biodegradable polymer, which needs to be removed by surgery after release. â‘¢ The preparation has irritation and discomfort in local tissues. Evaluation methods for polypeptide protein drugs: 1. Liquid chromatography 2. Spectroscopic 3. Solvent-based versions are easy to use, but need to be kept at low temperatures (2-8 degrees Celsius).
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