Pharmacological effects
1. Anti-malarial animal experiments showed that the neutral part of the extract of Artemisia annua ether and its dilute alcohol extract had significant anti-malarial effects on mouse malaria, monkey malaria and human malaria. Artemisinin has a killing effect on the erythrocytic endometriosis of Plasmodium erythraea, but has no effect on the erythrocyte exosomal and pre-erythrocytic stage. The experiment of P. falciparum showed that artemisinin has a rapid anti-malaria effect and its inhibitory effect is obviously enhanced. Artemisinin is characterized by rapid inhibition of maturation. The artemisinin derivatives artemether and artemisinin sodium also have antimalarial effects. The artemether emulsion has better antimalarial effects than the artemisinin sodium succinate water reducing agent and may be more ideal for dangerous malaria patients. Formulations.
In vitro experiments show that: Artemisinin can significantly inhibit the growth of Plasmodium falciparum asexual body, a direct killing effect. The effect of artemisinin is 1.13 to 1.16 times that of chloroquine. It has been reported that the antimalarial effects of artemisinin, artemether, and artemisinin sodium are shown to indicate that: Artemisinin sodium has the best effect, which is 16 times that of chloroquine, 14.3 times that of artemisinin, artemisinin, and artemisinin. Methyl ether has an antimalarial effect similar to chloroquine.
The principle of antimalarial action of artemisinin and its derivatives sodium artesunate has been reported that it mainly acts on the membrane structure of malaria parasites. They act first on the food bubble, the pellicle, and the mitochondria, followed by the nuclear membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the nuclear staining material. Due to interference with the function of mitochondria of the worm's pellicle, it may prevent the protozoa from digesting and digesting the hemoglobin of the host to become amino acids, so that the malaria parasite cannot obtain the raw material of its own protein, quickly produces amino acid starvation, rapidly forms autophagic vacuoles, and continuously excretes out of the body. , Plasmodium lost a large amount of cytoplasm, resulting in the collapse of the body and death. After artemisinin sodium enters the body, it inhibits the functions of the plasmodium-epidermoid membrane and mitochondrial membrane cytochrome oxidase of the plasmodium by reducing artemisinin, thereby blocking the supply of cytoplasm of host erythrocytes as a nutrient. Therefore, the principle of anti-malarial action of Artemisia annua differs from that of pyrimethamine and sulfonamides in interfering with the metabolism of folate in Plasmodium falciparum, and does not inhibit Plasmodium falciparum DNA in the same way as quinine and chloroquine interfere with the reproduction of Plasmodium. It may be the function of inhibiting the plasmo-membrane and cytochrome oxidase of mitochondrial membrane of Plasmodium falciparum, and directly kill Plasmodium.
Artemisinin has a high recurrence rate of antimalarial. Can also induce drug resistance, but much slower than chloroquine. Low-level cross-resistance to rodent anti-chloroquine strains. Some people believe that artemisinin compatibility with Radix Astragali and Codonopsis can reduce the recurrence rate and have no synergistic effect with sulfamethoxamide. Artemisinin-primary quinoline, the two have a synergistic effect. Artemisinin, sulfadoxine, pyrimethamine, and primary quinine four drugs are used for one-time therapy, with mild side effects and long effective concentration in the body, which can make up for artemisinin excretion fast, single dose or short course of treatment. The drawback of easy reactivation can also prevent cross-resistance, and the clinical trial results have a significant effect.
2. The experiment of mice with anti-schistosomiasis effect showed that artemisinin has obvious killing effect on schistosomiasis adults, which promotes the time of “hepatic migration†of the worms is relatively slow, but the insecticidal effect is more rapid, and the effect on females is more obvious. . Artemisinin has a good effect on schistosomiasis in mice, rabbits and monkeys. The worm reduction rate can reach 80.4% without side effects. But it can't kill all the adult animals. Artemisinin and artemether have been used to treat schistosomiasis-infected mice and rabbits. The efficacy is about 90%, but artemether can cause significant damage to the host liver during therapeutic doses.
3. The role of anti-pathogenic microorganisms Artemisia annua water decoction has strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Caterpillar, Anthracis, and diphtheria bacilli, but also Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, etc. A certain degree of antibacterial effect. Artemisia annua volatile oil has antibacterial (0.25%) and bactericidal (1%) effects on all dermatophytes. Artemisinin sodium has a certain degree of antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexneri, Escherichia coli, Catarrhoxa, A and B paratyphoid bacillus; it has a certain degree of antibacterial effect on rust-colored microsporangia and floccular epidermis. Fusarium also has an inhibitory effect. 5. Stronyl alcohol and stigmasterol in Artemisia annua have antiviral effects. Artemisinin has anti-influenza virus effect. The antibacterial concentration of the alcohol extract against Leptospira in the test tube was 7.8 mg/ml, and its efficacy was similar to that of Forsythia suspensa, Phellodendron chinense, and Phyllanthus oligospermum, but weaker than that of Coptis chinensis, litchi grass, Astragalus membranaceus and honeysuckle.
4. 3. Antipyretic and analgesic effects Artemisia annua L. injection has obvious antipyretic effect on rabbits exposed to the hundred, white and broken triple vaccine. The Qingyin injection prepared from Artemisia annua L. and L. fruticosa Houttuyniae was significantly more effective against the fever of rabbits infected with typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever. Tip honeysuckle and Artemisia have synergistic antipyretic effect. Its antipyretic characteristics are rapid and long lasting, superior to Bupleurum and Antongding injection.
5. The effect of artemisinin on isolated rabbit heart perfusion has the effects of slowing heart rate, inhibiting myocardial contractility, and reducing coronary flow. Oral or intravenous artemisinin also slows heart rate. For arrhythmia-induced rabbit arrhythmias, artemisinin 8mg/kg intravenous injection has no effect, 20mg/kg intravenous injection has a certain anti-arrhythmic effect.
Intravenous injection of artemisinin has a role in lowering blood pressure in rabbits, and its main mechanism of antihypertensive effect is the inhibitory effect of artemisinin on the heart. The antihypertensive effect of artemisinin does not affect the epinephrine pressure-rising response nor is it affected by atropine and diphenhydramine. It is suggested that artemisinin has no adrenergic α-receptor blockade and no cholinergic effect or histamine release.
6. Other effects Artemether can significantly reduce serum IgG levels in normal mice and increase spleen weight. Artemether, artemisinin can promote the proliferation of splenic TS cells, and thus play a role in inhibiting IgG. Artemisinin 50 ~ 100mg/kg after intravenous injection can significantly increase the phagocytosis rate and phagocytic index of mouse peritoneal macrophages. Artemisinin can increase the conversion rate of lymphocytes, promote the immune function of cells, and have some antiviral effects. Artesunate can promote the proliferation of TS cells, inhibit the production of TE cells, prevent the release of interleukins and various inflammatory mediators, and thus play an immunoregulatory role.
Artemisia annua water decoction chloroform extract has obvious choleretic effect on rats. Volatile oil in the artemisia annua and the East wolfberry has obvious antitussive, antiasthmatic effect.
Artemisinin has no effect on isolated ileum in rabbits and guinea pigs, but it can inhibit acetylcholine or histamine-induced contraction.
Artesunate can significantly shorten the sleep time of mice with pentobarbital.
Kojic acid is an organic compound with molecular formula of c6h6o4 and molecular weight of 142.11. Colorless prismatic crystal. It is used as Antioxidant and anti radiation agent. It is used in the field of cosmetics. In human skin, tyrosine is catalysed by tyrosinase, and then oxidized and polymerized with oxygen free radical to synthesize melanin. Kojic acid can inhibit tyrosinase synthesis, so it can strongly inhibit the formation of skin melanin, and is safe and non-toxic, and does not produce leukoplakia sequela. Kojic acid has been incorporated into make-up water, facial mask, emulsion and skin cream. It can be used to treat freckles, senile plaques, pigmentation, acne and other high-grade whitening cosmetics effectively.
Product Name: Kojic Acid Dipalmitate Powder
Appearance : White Powder
Specification: 99%
CAS: 79725-98-7
MOLECULAR FORMULA: C38O6H66
MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 618.91
SYNONYMS : 2-Palmitoyloxymethyl-5-palmitoyloxy-pyrone;2-Palmitoyloxymethyl-5-palmitoyloxy-gamma-pyrone;
Kojic acid dipalmitate is a derivative of Kojic Acid and palmitic acid, which not only overcomes the instability to light, heat and metallic ion, but keeps the inhibitory tyrosinase activity and prevents the forming of melanin. It is easier to be absorbed by the skin. IMAHERB BIOTECH is one of the professional and credible top quality GMP Manufacture ISO Certified Kojic Acid Dipalmitate Cosmetic Raw Material 99% for sale manufacturers, who is dedicated to produce the top quality organic products which is of great benefits to customers. If you want to know how to buy such products, welcome to contact us and we will offer you the best price.
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