Plastic film cultivation is a successful experience in the stable production and high yield of early rice. Not only can it be planted earlier, it can prevent pests and rot, but it can also guarantee a good harvest for the season. The technical points are:
1. Scientific selection and coverage of Putian
Putian wants to choose where the leeward sun shines. After Putian is completed, it is necessary to wind the windbox parallel to the wind direction. If the car is in a vertical direction with the wind, it will encounter windy conditions and it will be difficult to pull and cover the mulch. In case of strong winds, the mulch film will blow easily. When covering the mulch, it is necessary to open the mulch film downwind, but also pay special attention to prevent the mulch "paste the plaster" (ie, mulching film, resulting in boring species, affect the normal emergence). Prevention method: Select drainage and irrigation facilities, good water permeability, block the fields in Xiangyang field, and the sampan plates must be leveled, soft and hard should be appropriate, and dry the sampan plates (dry for half or one night) after sowing and soaking, and then sprinkle. The upper cover (covered with no buds) is used as a barrier between the sampan and the mulch. Covers should be loose, ventilated and will not be affixed with plastic film, generally available coke ash, pine mud, ash, wheat hull, rock coat, chopped straw, flowers and grass. Finally cover the mulch. During the cover film, it is not possible to pour water on the sampan plates, so that it is sunny and half-guttered, and water is allowed to drain in rainy days (ditchless water) to prevent water from seepage. In the event that a plastic film is stuck, immediately remove the film to dry the board, and then cover the film after adding the cover.
2. Grasp the timely sowing of plastic film bowl
According to the test, the film temperature is generally about 3°C ​​higher than that of conventional seedlings. Because early-season rice cultivars can be sown when the critical temperature passes through 12°C, mulching with plastic film can be sowed when the temperature reaches 9°C. Seeding can generally be made 7 days earlier than conventional seedlings. In the paddy area south of the Yangtze River, the plain plastic film can be planted before and after March 20; the plastic film in the mountainous area is planted after March 25. When sowing, in addition to Shizuda Shizu base fertilizer, it is best to use farmyard manure and phosphorus fertilizer piled together and broken down as a thermal insulation fertilizer cover, covering the thickness to not see the grain buds is appropriate. This will allow the root system of apricot seedlings to be developed and promote its absorption of fertilizers, which will not only keep warm but also accelerate the robust growth of seedlings.
3. Plastic film can be soaked without germination
Planting methods for mulching film include dry grain sowing, soaking and non-germination, or soaking and germination. According to the test, the soaking method without germination has the best effect. There are three reasons for this: First, the seeds are rooted and germinated quickly; second, they are planted and seeded uniformly when sowed; third, the seedlings are thick and the cold resistance is enhanced. Therefore, the use of mulching film can be soaked seed Valley first 4 to 5 days, remove and dry after sowing.
4. The nursery bed should be reasonable and the coverage should be properly
When the seedlings are in full-length cabins, they are generally required to have a length of 8 to 10 meters and a width of 1.3 meters (about 2/3 of the width of the plastic film, depending on the width of the film). This is easy to manage and economical and reasonable. At present, there are two types of plastic film covering and arch covering, both of which have their own advantages, but early rice seedlings are better covered with arches. The reason is: large arch space, can form an environment conducive to the development of seedlings; arch will not be due to mulching "paste" lead to oxygen deficiency, causing damage to the rot; in the rain not water, sunny high temperature is not easy Burning seedlings, and the seedlings are not pressed after high growth; it is easy to uncover the seedlings and film insulation during the cold wave.
5. Pay attention to the temperature of the chamber in the control film
The key to the success of mulching film is to master the temperature of the chamber inside the membrane. Therefore, 2 to 3 temperature meters must be placed to observe the temperature change in the membrane. Especially after the needle is raised, it is necessary to pay attention to the temperature in the membrane. Seedling growth temperature generally requires about 30 °C, sunny 10 am to 4 pm, the film temperature is easy to increase, if you observe the temperature within the film more than 30 °C, we must promptly open the tuyere, with the help of the wind exhaust heat to cool. If after the film is uncovered, there is still an upward trend in the temperature inside the film, the back-yang side mulch film should be opened to the vault to accelerate cooling and heat dissipation. Several times in a row, the film should be poured into the ditch for 1 time to keep the car wet and meet the water requirement of the seedlings. Ventilation time is controlled at 8 to 9 o'clock on sunny day when the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the membrane is small. It must not be carried out when the temperature is highest at noon. Since the membrane is uncovered at high temperature at noon, the sudden increase of transpiration will cause insufficient water absorption of the seedlings and often cause death. seedling. When ventilating, it is necessary to thin and peel the membrane on the water. In case of sunny and rainy weather at night, as long as the temperature is still relatively low, it must be strictly insulated to prevent air leakage. It should not be too early to remove all the membranes. It should be conducted only when the temperature rises steadily. Such as the demolition of cold air invasion, you can fill the waist water insulation.
6. Prevent hot blast and blue dry dead seedlings
Seedlings 1 leaf 1 after the heart period, if the temperature outside the membrane at noon on the sunny day rises above 20°C, the temperature inside the membrane will easily exceed 40°C, which will cause the leaves to yellow and dry, so it is necessary to timely remove the membrane and ventilate them, but special attention should be paid. In the sunny days after the cold wave, when the temperature was high at noon, the film was suddenly uncovered, and the rapid evaporation of the water-repellent moisture led to physiological loss of water and caused the death of the young. It is generally advisable to remove the film when the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the film is small in the morning, and then cover it at about 4 o'clock in the evening. When ventilating or unscrewing the film, it must be filled with water and then removed.
7. To prevent the cover film time is too long or too short
Plastic filming to ensure that the appropriate filming time, too short to fully play the role of insulation, too long will be too much to shorten the vegetative growth of early rice, and even the phenomenon of early ear, resulting in reduced production. For the purpose of promoting early maturing and preventing rotting, secondary maturing early rice mulching can cover 15 to 20 days and cover the seedlings at the 3 to 4 leaf stage to uncover the film. The third cropping system of early rice mulching is mainly to maintain seedlings, taking into account precociousness. Covering 7 to 10 days, 1 leaf 1 heart to 2 leaf uncover. When the seedlings grow to 1 leaf and 1 heart, select the fine weather for the initial hardening of the seedlings, the initial refining time should be short, not too heavy, so as to avoid the imbalance of the body's water, resulting in blue and dry seedlings. With the growth and development of seedlings, the number of times for hardening can be increased, and the time for hardening the seedlings can be extended accordingly. In the 4 to 5 days before transplanting, the sun exposure and dew exposure began to increase the adaptability of the seedlings to external environmental conditions, increase the rate of adult pupa, enhance the cold resistance of the seedlings, and improve seedling quality. The mulching film covers the seedlings, the temperature inside the film is high, the seeds are sown early, and the seedlings grow green and green. This is the first generation of insect resources that are concentrated and the pests should be controlled. The general requirement is to fight the medicine twice in 5 to 10 days prior to pulling the worm and remove the worm in the initial stage. (Author: Li Cuiying, Address: Yuanjiang City, Hunan Agricultural Bureau Zip Code: 413100)
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