Otsuka, commonly known as giant salamander, belongs to the genus Ampulidae, Oviposition, Concealed, and is a large-scale amphibian of China's specialties. It has high food and medicinal value and is listed as a Class II key protected animal by the country. Since the 1970s, large-scale artificial breeding research has been carried out in various regions and preliminary successes have been achieved. In recent years, due to the decline in the price of barnyardgrass, many cultivating farms have also switched to farming maggots. Now several issues that should be noted in the breeding of oysters are summarized below for reference by the readers.
1 Licensed culture
According to Article 17 of the "Wildlife Protection Law of the People's Republic of China" (adopted on the eighth meeting of the Standing Committee of the Seventh National People's Congress on November 8, 1988): "Domestic breeding of nationally protected wild animals, A permit should be held." Therefore, before breeding large cockroaches, it is necessary to apply to the relevant department for obtaining a culture permit. The specific approach is for farmers to apply to the fishery administrative departments of the governments of counties and cities (executive offices). After being audited, they are submitted to the fishery administrative department of the provincial government for approval and obtain a permit before they are allowed to breed. Otherwise, they are considered illegal.
2 establishment of farms
2.1 According to the habits of Daxie, the farm should be established in a forest area with abundant water, clear water, and relatively quiet mountainous or hilly areas. The tanks are surrounded by cement tanks at the bottom of the tank, and water inlet and outlet pipes are provided at both ends. The broad-leaved trees are planted around the pond to facilitate shading. The area of ​​the aquaculture pond and the function of the superficial and the optic can be determined. The area of ​​aquaculture and breeding ground is suitable for 400 to 500 square meters. The height of the pond is 2.2 meters, the depth of water is 1.20 meters, and the bottom of the pond is covered with 10 centimeters of river sand. Since Daxie Xi lived alone, the pool can be built with many large artificial stone caves. The diameter of the cave is 15 to 25 centimeters in diameter. The cave is more spacious and has a diameter of 30 to 40 centimeters. Make it smooth so that it does not scratch the skin. There are multiple bait stations in the pool. The area of ​​breeding ponds and hatching ponds may be smaller, generally 60 to 100 square meters is appropriate, the water depth is maintained at about 50 centimeters, the breeding grounds for the breeding of young calves are generally built at 50 square meters, the water depth is maintained at about 20 to 30 centimeters, and the others can be modeled as ponds. put up.
2.2 The breeding ponds cannot be stocked immediately after they are built, because the new cement ponds have strong alkalinity, and the pH values ​​of the waters in the giant salamanders are 6 to 7. The pools can be filled with water and soaked for two or three days before being dried and repeated twice. You can also raise fish for half a year or a year before stocking.
3 Introduction
Through the coordination of the local fishery administrative department, they are introduced from other farms; or after being approved by the fishery administrative departments of the governments of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government, they must be caught or acquired in the wild. The introduction of the latter approach should be noted in addition to the other intactness, but also should pay attention to its distinguishing characteristics. In 1997, a farm in southern Fujian Province almost used adult plants without fat spots as large-sized adult plants for the introduction of large seedlings. The characteristics of the animals of the order Caudatum are compared as follows. For identification, refer to Table 1.
Table 1 Comparison of the Characteristics of Concealed Branches and Small Cormorants
Section characteristics Sections of the family Concealed family Branch family Acrididae family Acrididae adults Large, 25 cm or more small, less than 20 cm, 20 cm below the eyelids There is no body side vertical skin folds with or without valences arranged in a long column Parallel to the upper jaw in two short columns or "V" to form "eight" shape abdomen color light brown or gray light brown or gray orange red spot
4 Control water quality and water temperature
Clear water, non-polluted mountain streams, groundwater, or tap water should be used. The suitable water temperature for the growth of giant salamander is 14~28°C. Keep the water temperature between 20 and 25°C during incubation to accelerate hatching. It is better to introduce living water to keep the pool water flowing slowly. This will not only ensure the water quality, but also adjust the water temperature, and it will also make it close to the wild natural state, which will facilitate the growth and reproduction of the giant salamander. Keep the water temperature at 4~8°C during hibernation. Too cold and easy to be frostbite, high temperature will make it not hibernating and increase physical energy consumption.
5 grading
Because the adult larvae have devoured larvae, they should be cultured strictly according to their size and size. Since individuals have different growth rates, it is best to grade every six months.
6 reasonable feeding
6.1 Feeding time is mainly based on nighttime activities, so feeding can be done in the evening.
6.2 Set the bait station food to be put on the bait station. The amount to be put will be slightly larger than the food intake of the daytime. Before each feeding, the remaining food in the table should be cleaned to ensure that the bait station is clean and hygienic. It is not possible to put food directly into water. Not only is the utilization of food not high, but the water quality is also liable to deteriorate.
6.3 Avoiding Disturbance Do not be disturbed after eating, because the big cockroach has a “spitting†behavior after being frightened. When we measured it, we discovered that a large cockroach vomited some of the digested fish.
7 Simulate natural conditions and solve breeding problems
Because of the following characteristics: (1) the development of gonads in males and females is not necessarily synchronized; (2) it is difficult to accurately determine the gonadal development; (3) sperm activity is weak. Therefore, the artificial propagation of the giant salamander has not progressed so far, at least at present, it is impossible to produce seedlings in large quantities.
According to the observations and analysis of some data, the authors believe that the development of gonads is mature in batches for individuals with large lice, and it is intermittent; breeding behaviors are continuous from May to September in giant locust populations. Central China may be It mainly concentrates from mid-July to mid-August, so if you focus on a few groups of intimacy to perform artificial sperm and artificial insemination, it is better to simulate the natural state and carry out in the whole group. The specific approach is to select natural mountain breeding grounds with good mountainous vegetation, no pollution, and continuous annual water ravines or small river ditch. In addition, in order to ensure the normal development of the gonads, intimacy of hibernation should be preserved.
8 Beware of being bitten
The ferocious temperament of the big cockroach is large and the mouth is large. In addition to the maxillary and mandibular teeth, there is also a row of ploy teeth parallel to the upper jaw, which is very powerful. When measuring, grading or artificially reproducing, you can use the two hands to gently lift the head and abdomen out of the water and put it into the artificial wet stretcher so that it will not injure the cockroach, and it will not make it angry.
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