Glossy mushrooms are also known as caps and slider mushrooms. The genus Basidiomycetes, Agaricales, Chlamydoidea, and Paramaria are named because they have viscose on the surface. Its delicious taste, nutritious, fresh mushrooms containing 11 grams of protein per 100 grams, 02 grams of fat, sugar, 22 grams, and contains calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium and vitamin B?1, B?2. Experts believe that the mushroom is a very promising health food and export products. ?
Slide mushroom fruit clusters, umbrella-shaped small, more than mushroom. The cap was dark brown and was initially hemispherical. After its growth, the central depression was flat and smooth. The surface was smooth and sticky. There were no scales and the diameter was 5 cm to 86 cm. The hyphae are straight, dense, white or yellow at the beginning, rust-colored or ochre-colored when mature, and yellow-brown to brown. Stipes are cylindrical, 5 cm to 7 cm long. The bacillus was born on the upper part of the stipe, yellow. ?
First, the production of culture materials?
Gliding mushrooms can be used to cultivate sections of wood, can also be used for material cultivation, generally hardwood trees can be thrown to cultivate phoenix mushrooms, which beech, chestnut, eucalyptus as the most suitable artificial cultivation of mushrooms. The mushroom grown on behalf of the material is neat and clean in shape. The unique flavor of the mushroom is not as strong as that of the section wood cultivation, and the mucilage is also less, but refreshing, the production cycle is short, the cost is low, and the benefit is high. ?
(a) on behalf of the material culture cultivation formula?
1. Sawdust medium: wood chips 90%, bran (rice bran) 8%, corn flour 2%, feed water ratio 1:14.
2, cottonseed husk culture: cotton seed hull 78%, bran 20%, sugar 1%, gypsum 1%, feed water ratio 1:14.
(b) Treatment of raw materials for cultivation and cultivation?
1. Bottle planting: Use a large-mouth mushroom type bottle or canned bottle, place the prepared culture material at a distance of 1 cm from the bottle mouth, flatten the center, inoculate a hole, seal plastic film or kraft paper, and use a rubber band to tie it. it is good. The bottle is then steam sterilized, step up or stepped down slowly so that the lidding film does not break. ?
2. Plastic bag cultivation: Put the prepared culture material into the bag, and use a rubber band to tie it into the pot and sterilize it. (4 hours to 6 hours). ?
Second, cultivation and management?
(I) Inoculation of bacteria?
1. Inoculation: After the bag (bottle) is sterilized, it can be cooled to below 30°C and transferred into the inoculation box for inoculation. The inoculation volume is about 3% to 5% of the dry weight of the culture material. The bottle can be directly opened in the inoculation box to inoculate the bottle mouth, and then seal the bottle mouth. When the bag is inoculated, the bag is opened, and the taper is used to inoculate Song on the surface with a taper wooden stick. A bag of 1 kilogram of material is used to open 4 holes to 6 points, and a bag of 2 kilograms to 3 kilograms of material is used to hit 8 holes. hole. Immediately after the bacteria accesses the hole, each bean accepts 2 strains of fava bean size. The material surface is followed by a strain of bacteria, and a plastic neck sleeve is added. The plastic bag head is inverted from the neck sleeve and a sterile tampon is inserted. After inoculation, the culture chamber was transferred. ?
2, hair fungus: mushroom time is longer. If inoculated at the end of winter and early spring, good bacteria can be produced in August and the period of germination is about 6 months. For inoculation in September, the germination period will take 70 days to 80 days. The germination period is mainly temperature and humidity management. Pleurotus ostreatus grows well at 4°C to 32°C, and the optimal growth temperature is 25°C to 26°C. Stop growing at 32°C. If it is above 40 for a long time, the hyphae will die; the mycelium of shitake mushroom is more resistant to hypothermia. However, if the temperature is below -5°C for a long time, freeze damage may also affect mycelial growth. During germination, the room temperature should be maintained at about 25°C to promote the rapid development of mycelia, occupy the surface of the material, inhibit the contamination of bacteria, and enable early mushrooming. If no heating conditions can be allowed to grow slowly with the natural temperature. The culture room should pay attention to cleaning, not too wet, so as to avoid the occurrence of bacteria. The temperature in the culture medium should not be lower than 70% to 75%. When there is a large temperature difference in the culture room, it is necessary to inspect the germination situation while dumping it once every 15 days. When the temperature is appropriate, the white mycelium on the fungal mass begins to grow into the material within about 10 days. The surface of the culturing material is covered with white hyphae for about 1 month. In 2 months, all the cultivating materials can be fully grown and held together to become a whole bacterium. Piece. However, this kind of bacteria can not be cultivated, and it needs to continue cultivation. At this point should pay attention to ventilation, to prevent excessive temperature. Let the hyphae fully grow, absorb and accumulate nutrients, and finally form rust-like pellicles on the surface of the bacteria. ?
(b) Mushroom management?
1. Pouching: When the bag is poured, the mature plastic rods are used to break the plastic film. Bottles should be opened. When the grown pellicle film is too thick to be conducive to growing fruit bodies, it needs to be marked with a bamboo knife or iron nail on the surface of the bacterium, and it is divided into a lattice of about 2 cm in width. Stretch the pellicle, usually 1 cm deep. Stroke too deep to break easily. Then put it flat or standing on the rack, spray water, adjust the room temperature to about 15 °C, to promote the formation of fruiting bodies. ?
2. Temperature management: The fruiting body of the oyster mushroom can grow at 5°C to 20°C, and the fruiting body above 20°C is small and the stem is fine. Small stipe cover, open umbrella early, and even not mushroom; low temperature 5 °C ~ 10 °C growth is still very strong, but produce less mushrooms. The optimum temperature for the fruiting body varies from species to species, generally 10°C to 18°C. In the autumn season after October, there is a large natural temperature difference. The natural temperature difference should be fully utilized to strengthen management and promote plentiful mushroom production. The low temperature at night, the temperature of the mushrooming room should not be lower than 10°C; the high temperature at noon should pay attention to ventilation, so that the room temperature is not higher than 20°C. ?
3. Humidity management: Water is one of the important conditions for the high yield of plentiful mushrooms. Humidity is insufficient, and the production of plentiful mushrooms is severely affected. The differentiation of fruit bodies is inhibited, and the hulls shrink, do not secrete mucus, stop growing, and even die. In order to ensure the water requirement of the growth and development of the fruiting body of the mushroom, water should be sprayed properly to increase the moisture (70%) and air humidity (90%). Spray at least 2 times a day. The temperature of the water sprayed onto the cultivating block must not be significantly different from the temperature of the water. The water should be sprayed lightly and sprayed sparingly. The surface water of the culture block should not be used to avoid rot. ?
4. Ventilation management: The respiration ability of the mycelia of the fruiting period is increased, and the oxygen demand is obviously increased. The indoor air needs to be kept fresh. While ventilation, attention should be paid to temperature and temperature changes. If the temperature is high and the interior is hot and humid, ventilation should be strengthened. Poor ventilation is one of the causes of malformed mushrooms.
(c) Harvesting?
The key to the length of mushroom production period and the level of production is the management level, and the management is good. It can produce 3 to 4 tide mushrooms, and the bioconversion rate is 60% to 70%. Harvest time varies according to usage. Unopened umbrella mushroom texture fresh, good quality, flat flat. When the spores have fallen, they are old, the body of the mushroom is lighter, and the quality is poorer. The method of harvesting is to gently remove the mushroom root with a finger and store it in a cool place. Generally can be stored in a cool place for 4 days, such as a temperature of about 5 °C can be stored for more than a week.
Slide mushroom fruit clusters, umbrella-shaped small, more than mushroom. The cap was dark brown and was initially hemispherical. After its growth, the central depression was flat and smooth. The surface was smooth and sticky. There were no scales and the diameter was 5 cm to 86 cm. The hyphae are straight, dense, white or yellow at the beginning, rust-colored or ochre-colored when mature, and yellow-brown to brown. Stipes are cylindrical, 5 cm to 7 cm long. The bacillus was born on the upper part of the stipe, yellow. ?
First, the production of culture materials?
Gliding mushrooms can be used to cultivate sections of wood, can also be used for material cultivation, generally hardwood trees can be thrown to cultivate phoenix mushrooms, which beech, chestnut, eucalyptus as the most suitable artificial cultivation of mushrooms. The mushroom grown on behalf of the material is neat and clean in shape. The unique flavor of the mushroom is not as strong as that of the section wood cultivation, and the mucilage is also less, but refreshing, the production cycle is short, the cost is low, and the benefit is high. ?
(a) on behalf of the material culture cultivation formula?
1. Sawdust medium: wood chips 90%, bran (rice bran) 8%, corn flour 2%, feed water ratio 1:14.
2, cottonseed husk culture: cotton seed hull 78%, bran 20%, sugar 1%, gypsum 1%, feed water ratio 1:14.
(b) Treatment of raw materials for cultivation and cultivation?
1. Bottle planting: Use a large-mouth mushroom type bottle or canned bottle, place the prepared culture material at a distance of 1 cm from the bottle mouth, flatten the center, inoculate a hole, seal plastic film or kraft paper, and use a rubber band to tie it. it is good. The bottle is then steam sterilized, step up or stepped down slowly so that the lidding film does not break. ?
2. Plastic bag cultivation: Put the prepared culture material into the bag, and use a rubber band to tie it into the pot and sterilize it. (4 hours to 6 hours). ?
Second, cultivation and management?
(I) Inoculation of bacteria?
1. Inoculation: After the bag (bottle) is sterilized, it can be cooled to below 30°C and transferred into the inoculation box for inoculation. The inoculation volume is about 3% to 5% of the dry weight of the culture material. The bottle can be directly opened in the inoculation box to inoculate the bottle mouth, and then seal the bottle mouth. When the bag is inoculated, the bag is opened, and the taper is used to inoculate Song on the surface with a taper wooden stick. A bag of 1 kilogram of material is used to open 4 holes to 6 points, and a bag of 2 kilograms to 3 kilograms of material is used to hit 8 holes. hole. Immediately after the bacteria accesses the hole, each bean accepts 2 strains of fava bean size. The material surface is followed by a strain of bacteria, and a plastic neck sleeve is added. The plastic bag head is inverted from the neck sleeve and a sterile tampon is inserted. After inoculation, the culture chamber was transferred. ?
2, hair fungus: mushroom time is longer. If inoculated at the end of winter and early spring, good bacteria can be produced in August and the period of germination is about 6 months. For inoculation in September, the germination period will take 70 days to 80 days. The germination period is mainly temperature and humidity management. Pleurotus ostreatus grows well at 4°C to 32°C, and the optimal growth temperature is 25°C to 26°C. Stop growing at 32°C. If it is above 40 for a long time, the hyphae will die; the mycelium of shitake mushroom is more resistant to hypothermia. However, if the temperature is below -5°C for a long time, freeze damage may also affect mycelial growth. During germination, the room temperature should be maintained at about 25°C to promote the rapid development of mycelia, occupy the surface of the material, inhibit the contamination of bacteria, and enable early mushrooming. If no heating conditions can be allowed to grow slowly with the natural temperature. The culture room should pay attention to cleaning, not too wet, so as to avoid the occurrence of bacteria. The temperature in the culture medium should not be lower than 70% to 75%. When there is a large temperature difference in the culture room, it is necessary to inspect the germination situation while dumping it once every 15 days. When the temperature is appropriate, the white mycelium on the fungal mass begins to grow into the material within about 10 days. The surface of the culturing material is covered with white hyphae for about 1 month. In 2 months, all the cultivating materials can be fully grown and held together to become a whole bacterium. Piece. However, this kind of bacteria can not be cultivated, and it needs to continue cultivation. At this point should pay attention to ventilation, to prevent excessive temperature. Let the hyphae fully grow, absorb and accumulate nutrients, and finally form rust-like pellicles on the surface of the bacteria. ?
(b) Mushroom management?
1. Pouching: When the bag is poured, the mature plastic rods are used to break the plastic film. Bottles should be opened. When the grown pellicle film is too thick to be conducive to growing fruit bodies, it needs to be marked with a bamboo knife or iron nail on the surface of the bacterium, and it is divided into a lattice of about 2 cm in width. Stretch the pellicle, usually 1 cm deep. Stroke too deep to break easily. Then put it flat or standing on the rack, spray water, adjust the room temperature to about 15 °C, to promote the formation of fruiting bodies. ?
2. Temperature management: The fruiting body of the oyster mushroom can grow at 5°C to 20°C, and the fruiting body above 20°C is small and the stem is fine. Small stipe cover, open umbrella early, and even not mushroom; low temperature 5 °C ~ 10 °C growth is still very strong, but produce less mushrooms. The optimum temperature for the fruiting body varies from species to species, generally 10°C to 18°C. In the autumn season after October, there is a large natural temperature difference. The natural temperature difference should be fully utilized to strengthen management and promote plentiful mushroom production. The low temperature at night, the temperature of the mushrooming room should not be lower than 10°C; the high temperature at noon should pay attention to ventilation, so that the room temperature is not higher than 20°C. ?
3. Humidity management: Water is one of the important conditions for the high yield of plentiful mushrooms. Humidity is insufficient, and the production of plentiful mushrooms is severely affected. The differentiation of fruit bodies is inhibited, and the hulls shrink, do not secrete mucus, stop growing, and even die. In order to ensure the water requirement of the growth and development of the fruiting body of the mushroom, water should be sprayed properly to increase the moisture (70%) and air humidity (90%). Spray at least 2 times a day. The temperature of the water sprayed onto the cultivating block must not be significantly different from the temperature of the water. The water should be sprayed lightly and sprayed sparingly. The surface water of the culture block should not be used to avoid rot. ?
4. Ventilation management: The respiration ability of the mycelia of the fruiting period is increased, and the oxygen demand is obviously increased. The indoor air needs to be kept fresh. While ventilation, attention should be paid to temperature and temperature changes. If the temperature is high and the interior is hot and humid, ventilation should be strengthened. Poor ventilation is one of the causes of malformed mushrooms.
(c) Harvesting?
The key to the length of mushroom production period and the level of production is the management level, and the management is good. It can produce 3 to 4 tide mushrooms, and the bioconversion rate is 60% to 70%. Harvest time varies according to usage. Unopened umbrella mushroom texture fresh, good quality, flat flat. When the spores have fallen, they are old, the body of the mushroom is lighter, and the quality is poorer. The method of harvesting is to gently remove the mushroom root with a finger and store it in a cool place. Generally can be stored in a cool place for 4 days, such as a temperature of about 5 °C can be stored for more than a week.
Zoysiagrasses are warm season grasses native to China, Japan and other parts of Southeast Asia. The species was named to commemorate an 18th century Austrian botanist, Karl von Zois. In 1911, Zoysia matrella was introduced into the United States from Manila by a U.S.D.A. botanist, C. V. Piper. Because of its origin the grass was commonly called Manila grass.
Piper described the grass as abundant on or near the seashore in the Philippine Islands. When closely clipped, it made a beautiful lawn according to Piper's notes. He suggested that the grass had unusual promise as a lawn grass along the Gulf Coast and Atlantic coast of Florida.
Zoysia japonica, sometimes called "Japanese lawn grass" or "Korean lawn grass", is a coarser textured, but more cold hardy species than Zoysia matrella. Zoysia japonica was introduced into the United States in 1895 from the Manchurian Province of China. In the United States, Zoysia japonica could be expected to do very well as far north as Maryland. It is a seeded variety of Zoysia.
The third species of Zoysia used for turf is called Korean velvet grass or Mascarene grass, Zoysia tenuifolia. It is a very fine textured species, but is the least cold tolerant of the three species. Zoysia tenuifolia is native to the Far East and was introduced in the U.S. from the Mascarene Islands. In the U.S. it is used in southern California as a low growing ground cover.
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