Boar nutrition and feeding management
Special wild boars are a new breed that is sustainable in the breeding industry. It eats green food such as green grass, corn stalks, sweet potatoes, etc. The cost is very low, only one-third of that of domestic pigs, and the meat is particularly tender and mellow, and the lean meat percentage is as high as 85%. It is a real meat and green nourishing food, and it is an investment. The preferred variety. Our Tianyan breeding company has many years of experience in breeding boars.
First, the management of born wild boar: feeding and management objectives: to improve the survival rate of suckling piglets and weaning nest weight.
(-) Physiological characteristics of suckling piglets
1. Underdeveloped digestive organs, small volume, imperfect digestive function, can only use nutrients with very high digestibility: 2. Poor body temperature regulation, so do well in insulation work. The suitable temperature for piglets is 30-32 degrees for 1-3 days, 28-30 degrees for 4-10 days, 26-28 degrees for 11-30 days, and 3 days for wild pigs. Feeding milk is for the prevention of sucking piglets. 4. After the full week, the piglets add granules, mainly to promote the development of the gastrointestinal tract of piglets, relieve the itching of piglets' gums, and reduce the stress after weaning. Spread a little piglet granules on a clean wooden board and add less ground. 5. Weaning artificially. However, the wild boar's mammary gland is underdeveloped, its milk yield is small, and its milking time is short. Premature weaning can easily lead to small piglets, poor physical fitness, poor adaptability to the environment, poor gastrointestinal function, and proneness to diseases. In order to enable early mating and let the piglets pick up the morning market, weaning artificially. Wild piglets should be weaned for 45 days. Because the boar's mammary glands are underdeveloped, their milk yield is small, and their milking time is short, premature weaning can easily lead to small piglets, poor physical fitness, and adaptability to the environment.
(B) Immunization procedures for suckling pigs
1.7 to 15 days of age; no live vaccine for asthma in muscle injection, weak virus vaccine for blue ear disease.
2. 20-day-old intramuscular injection of swine fever, swine erysipelas, swine fever epidemic three-joint seedlings.
3.25-30 days old; intramuscular injection of pseudorabies vaccine.
4.30 days old; intramuscular injection of infectious rhinitis vaccine.
5.60 days old; swine fever, swine erysipelas, and triple vaccine for lung disease.
(C) feed technology ratio Wild boar natural resistance to rough food, like to eat grass, green vegetables, green feed accounts for 70%, less food. Special wild boars have less food intake, and they are usually fed twice a day. They like to eat raw food and eat miscellaneous foods. All kinds of weeds, lettuce leaves, plant roots, and crop stalks can be used as wild boar feed. Wild boars particularly like to eat green feed, can account for more than 60% of the ration, with a small amount of concentrate feed can raise robust boar. Here are some boar feeds.
Green feed: commonly used wolfberry, purple parsley root, leeks, sweet potato vine leaves, corn stalks and so on. Green feed has high crude protein content and high digestibility. The required amino acids are rich in vitamin content, high in quality, and high in utilization rate. 2, roots, tubers and fruits feed, including sweet potatoes, potatoes, pumpkins, carrots and so on. This type of feed is crisp and juicy, stimulates appetite, and has a high digestibility of organic matter, which plays an important role in improving the nutrient content of the diet and improving digestibility. However, it is not suitable for single feeding, but it must be used together with coarse and fine materials, and then supplemented with protein feed in order to achieve the effect of feeding. 3. The concentrate feed is generally fed with energy such as corn, sorghum, barley, rice, sweet potato and other cereal seeds. The crude protein content is low, only 7% to 11%, due to the imbalance of nutrient structure, it should not be used alone as a feed for wild boar, must be combined with protein feed and nutrient additives in order to make the diet nutritionally comprehensive and balanced. Such as bean cakes, peanut cakes, cottonseed cakes, bone meal, fish meal and other protein feeds and some vitamins, amino acids, minerals and trace elements and other nutrient additives, etc. In animal protein feed, fish meal is the most widely used animal feed, protein The content of 40% to 60% is particularly useful in the supply of methionine and lysine, and has high nutritional value; bone meal, blood meal, silkworm cocoon, etc. are also good animal protein feeds, and can be incorporated as a compound feed according to needs and conditions. ingredient.
1. Weaned suckling pig
Corn flour 41%, bran 10%, peanut bran powder 10%, fish meal 3%, crude bran 20%, shell powder 2%, growth promoter 1% trace element 0.5%, salt 0.5%, soybean meal 12%, multidimensional 20 Grams.
2. Zhongda Boar
Maize flour: 22%, wheat bran: 30%, bean dregs or a little soy: 5%, sanqijing: 22%, green feed: 20%, amino acids (per head per day): 15 to 40 grams, iodized salt: 0.5%, Bone meal: 0.5%.
(IV) Heavy epidemic prevention Many farmers do not attach importance to the use of vaccines or imitation of vaccines, and their use is not standardized or scientific. The scientific immunization should be based on the local epidemic and develop a complete set of immunization procedures, not pay attention to pig house hygiene and environmental disinfection. Boar excreta is more likely to cause the proliferation of bacteria and pathogenic microorganisms. If the wild pig house is kept clean, it will minimize the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms and prevent the spread of diseases. However, at present, most of the farms are poorly sanitation, with cross-flow of sewage, stinking smells, and many mosquitoes and flies, which can easily cause epidemics and outbreaks of diseases and affect the breeding efficiency. Although wild boars are more resistant to diseases and diseases than domestic pigs, there are still many basic knowledge that must be mastered. During the cultivation, attention should be paid to technical learning and timely observation of the wild boar's mental state, feed volume, drinking water, activity, and changes in urine and feces, so that the problems can not be solved in time. Due to differences in technology and management, the reproduction rate, survival rate, growth rate, and economic benefits are also much different.
In addition, some farmers have a weak concept of health and epidemic prevention, farms are free to allow idlers to visit, and rarely take disinfection measures. In fact, disinfection is the simplest, most effective, and most fundamental measure to prevent the occurrence of diseases. Pigs have more excretions and are prone to bacterial and pathogenic microorganisms breeding, poor sanitation in the farm, cross-flow of sewage, odors, smoke, and more mosquitoes and flies. Can easily cause the epidemic and outbreak of the disease, affecting the efficiency of farming.
(E) Heavy technical learning and technical training Although wild boar is stronger than domestic pigs in disease resistance and disease, there are still many basic knowledge that must be mastered. Some farmers did not receive professional training when introduced, leading to the above problems in the breeding process. Can not observe the boar's mental status, feed volume, drinking water, activity, changes in urine and timely, so that problems can not be resolved in time. Due to differences in technology and management, the reproduction rate, survival rate, growth rate, and economic benefits are also much different.
Second, wild boar estrus and breeding
Wild boars are coarse and thin, usually grey or gray-yellow. Adult sows weigh 90-130 kg and respond sensitively to the external environment. Female wild boar nipples generally have 6 to 7 pairs, with an annual output of 2.5 tires, generally 10 to 15 per fetus. Suitable breeding time is from 5 months to 6 months after birth and the body weight is 40 kg to 60 kg. In the case of estrus in female wild boars, the principle of using early-born sows with early and sows with late parity is generally adopted. When wild boar estrus occurs, the external genitalia is markedly red and swollen. When the external genitalia changes from red to dark purple, from swollen to slightly shriveled, or the sow's buttocks are held by hand, the best breeding time is when the sow stands still. When mating, the male and female wild boar breeding time takes about a minute or so, which takes slightly longer than domestic pigs. Based on experience, it is advisable to adopt a compounding method, that is, repeat the mating once every 6 hours to 8 hours. This can significantly increase the sow's womb. When the female wild boar estrus is suitable for mating, the boar can also be used to catch the boar for 1 day to 2 days in the sow circle. At this time, the male wild boar can crawl and mate several times at night. After confirming the successful mating, the wild boar was expelled. After 20 days, whether or not the wild boar is still oestrus is observed. In general, the estrous cycle of the female wild boar is 18 days. If no estrus occurs, the boar has been successfully mated.
Third, breeding pig selection
Fields and households engaged in wild boar breeding must have 1 to 2 purebred wild boars. As the saying goes: The sows are good and they have a good nest. The boars are good and they are good. This shows the importance of breeding boars. Choosing a good wild boar for breeding is of crucial importance to the pros and cons of future generations. Generally, purebred wild boars that match the characteristics of wild boars, such as their body length, leg height and mouth tip, are selected as breeding pigs. The offspring produced by the special wild boar crossbred with wild boars and domestic pigs are left to breed. The offspring that have been raised have a phenomenon of returning to the ancestors, that is, the pigs produced are not like boars but like pigs in appearance. Therefore, binary hybrids of wild boars are not suitable for seed use. In case of non-use special wild boars for breeding boars, if conditions are limited, we must also select ternary hybrid special boars with more than 70% wild boar virginity as breeding pigs, and also prevent inbreeding in kinship so that their offspring can resist disease. Strong, grows quickly.
(1) Pig breeder
Wild boar was originally a wild animal and was mainly eaten with leaves and weeds. This property was preserved under artificial rearing. 60-70% of the feed was mainly green grass such as green grass and green vegetables. Some farmers used the experience of raising pigs to feed wild boars with full-priced feed, which not only greatly increased the cost, but also resulted in the lack of restrictions on the pre-growth of back-breeding pigs and the excessively high levels of nutrients in the diet. Fertilizers, which are too heavy, cause boars to cross over or the sows cannot cross the boar, resulting in difficulty in breeding or inability to breed. At this time, wild boars should be restricted for feeding, green feed should be the main food, and exercise should be strengthened.
(2) Insufficient nutrition
Boars need more crude protein and vitamins, such as insufficient diet, will affect the boar's constitution and semen quality, resulting in fewer and thin semen, sperm incomplete development and vitality, pregnancy rate decreased, and even loss of breeding ability. The lack of minerals such as calcium, manganese, zinc, and selenium can also lead to degeneration of the gonads and sluggish libido. Therefore, boars should be balanced supply of nutrients they need, rich in crude protein animal feed, such as fish meal, bone meal, soybean meal, shrimp, cocoon, etc. should be provided all year round, rich in vitamins, green juicy feed should also be more Hello, vitamin supplements can be supplemented in the winter when there is insufficient green and juicy feed or male boars are mated. Such as the lack of minerals, usually feeding a variety of more calcium-rich green feed and hay powder, more phosphorus containing bran and add the right amount of bone meal, stone meal or shell powder. These have a significant effect on improving the quantity and quality of boar semen.
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