In 2006, Yuncheng Dongzao in Shanxi Province had the common problems of few flower buds, poor quality, heavy buds, small flowers, low fruit setting rate, and poor fruit rate. Individual date gardens were even empty or empty. According to a sample survey conducted in mid-July of the same year in the sample parks of eight counties (cities, districts) that produce mainly winter jujube in the region, the output was reduced by 30-40% from the previous year. In this regard, the author deeply investigated the problem of abnormal flowering and falling of jujube in jujube area.
I. Causes of abnormal falling
1, natural factors
(1) Freezing damage. In early April 2006, the temperature in Yuncheng continued to rise, reaching a maximum of 29°C. On the evening of April 11th, from 11 o'clock in the morning to 12 o'clock in the morning on the 12th, there was a cold spell from Siberia. Snowfall occurred in Yuncheng's Pinglu, Lucheng, Wanrong, Yuanqu, and Qixian counties, and the thickness of snow was generally about 8 cm above and below the maximum thickness of 15 cm; other counties (cities, districts) were all rainfall, and the minimum night temperature was up to 0°C. According to the meteorological department, April 13-19, the temperature in the city was relatively low, and frost occurred in most areas. The minimum temperature dropped to -5°C to -1°C, causing freezing damage to the budding jujube trees. According to Chen Puxuan of Linfen County of Shanxi Province, Li Yaozhang, Zhang Senlin of Wenxi County, Duanxinlu of Dushan County, and Zhangluoping of Pinglu County, many jujube farmers reported that jujube buds suffered from frost damage. Due to frost damage, jujube buds that did not germinate could not germinate, and the jujube buds that had germinated were frozen to death, which caused the germination time of winter jujube to be delayed by about 15 days. The newly emerged buds were of poor quality and light in color, and the leaves (hanging) that grew were thin and weak. Many jujube hangings have no buds or flower buds, and their flower buds are not robust, coupled with malnutrition during flowering, resulting in a 30% higher flowering rate in 2006 than normal.
(2) High temperature. On June 15, 2006, Yuncheng experienced the first round of high-temperature weather. According to the Municipal Bureau of Meteorology, the highest temperatures in the areas of Salt Lake, Laoshan, Yongji, Pinglu, Xiaxian and Hejin exceed 37°C. On June 16, temperatures throughout the country generally rose. The maximum temperature reached 42.2°C and the high temperature continued until the 19th. By the end of the 20th, a moderate to heavy rain weather finally appeared, which only temporarily eased the hot weather. The normal high temperature in June was similar to that in 2005, and it was the second year of abnormal high temperature in the same period since 1966. The high temperature directly affects the accumulation of organic nutrients in the jujube tree, resulting in an open jujube flower that cannot be granted flour, and the coke is dead. According to the survey, the shedding rate of young fruit is about 20%, and it is about 80%.
(3) Infestation. In recent years, the object of pest control in the flowering period in the Yuncheng jujube area is mainly L. lucorum. In 2006, the jujube farmers had achieved remarkable results in prevention and control of juvenile scorpion larvae. The prevention of green plague was earlier and more meticulous. However, due to climatic reasons, the hatching time of lucid luwak was postponed until early June. Most juvenile farmers believe that the duration of the disease has passed. Ignore late prevention and control. After two small rains on June 2-3, the population of L. lucidum encountered a suitable incubation climate. When the jujube farmer found out, the pests had caused damage to the buds of winter jujube, resulting in serious loss of flowers and fruits. According to the survey, the area of ​​jujube gardens in which Yuncheng fruit is shed due to the damage of the green-letter locust in Yuncheng accounted for about 60% of the total area of ​​jujube gardens in the area.
2. Human factors
(1) Undernutrition. In the survey, it was found that 30% of the demonstration parks had a large amount of fruits in 2005, and in 2006, there were empty cranes, no buds, and weak flower buds. After investigation, it is known that the application of farmland fertilizer at the end of the fall of 2005 and only a small amount of fertilizer in the spring of 2006 can hardly satisfy the normal fertilizer requirement of jujube trees. In the cone-shaped young fruit period, the jujube grows darker and darker, the green color changes from dark to light, and finally it turns yellow and wilting and even falls off. The internal reason is that the nutrient supply to the tree is insufficient.
(2) The pericardial wound heals poorly. At present, the production of winter jujube can not be separated from circumcision (cutting), but some jujube farmers circumcision, damage xylem, so that the circumcision wounds can not heal on time, resulting in tree failure, yellow leaves, fruit loss, severe phenomena of dead trees.
Second, defense measures
1, defense against frost damage is the first to apply base fertilizer, increase organic fertilizer and available nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, increase nutrient accumulation and enhance tree resistance. Second, according to the medium-term weather forecast, spray antifreeze (200 times liquid high fat film or 100-200 times liquid hydroxymethyl cellulose) before freezing injury occurs. The third is that the jujube garden that has suffered freezing injury should be sprayed with 5 Baume degree lime sulfur.
2, the emergence of high-temperature weather defense, should be sprayed at night plant ash leaching solution (50 kg of water immersed in 2.5 kg of grass ash, soaking can be used after 15 hours of filtration), the prevention of high temperature hazards have a certain effect of jujube fruit. Jujube tree vinegar can also be used to prevent drought (250 grams of 50 kg of rice vinegar). At the same time, irrigation is performed on the jujube garden to maintain soil moisture and ensure the normal development of young fruit.
3. Prevention of pests and diseases Establish villages and villages as the unit to establish pest monitoring and reporting points, determine the special person to do a good job of observation records, timely release the occurrence of pests and diseases, and strengthen prevention.
4. To increase tree nutrient, the jujube garden fertilizer or organic fertilizer should be taken as the top priority of jujube management.
5. Do a good job of circumcision professional team in the centralized planting area of ​​pericyclical jujube and correctly implement girdling techniques.
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