The turf is a three-point seven-pronged industry, and the total annual maintenance costs tend to exceed the one-time investment at the time of planting. At present, a reality that cannot be overlooked is that due to the widespread re-cultivation of weeds, the problem of weeds that harm the lawn is becoming more and more serious. If the control is not timely, it will often make the lawn look different, and even the entire lawn will be wasted, making the original huge investment in lawns. Destroyed once, resulting in a lot of money wasted.
I. Biological characteristics of turf weeds (1) Amazing multi-solidity A single weed can often form thousands or even hundreds of thousands of tiny seeds. According to reports, the average yield per plant was 7,160 seeds, 52,300 purslane, 117,400 regales and 5,000 dents. This large amount of solidarity is an important reason for its superiority in competition.
(2) Diversity of Breeding Methods In addition to being able to reproduce with seeds, weeds can also reproduce asexually, especially with perennial weeds, and have strong vegetative reproduction and regeneration capabilities. For example, the roots of Cyperus rotundus contain tubers for storing nutrients, as well as stems of underground taproots that expand on all four sides. When new shoots are unearthed to form new plants, new ones are gradually formed on the lower end of the tuber, and the stems of the Portuguese gourd are issued from the tubers. As a result, it has occurred on the ground. The roots of Imperata cava can be germinated and grown after being excavated and dried. Ten centimeters long dandelion roots, buried in the soil layer of 5 to 20 cm, the survival rate can be as high as 80%.
(3) Extensive propagation pathways The seeds or fruits of weeds have the property of easily falling off. Some weeds have structures or appendages that are adapted to spread, and can spread to distant places with external forces and are widely distributed. For example, the seeds of Compositae weeds have crown hairs, which can be carried by the wind; the seeds of the cattle hairy grass, water leeks, etc. are small and light, and they can drift with water. In addition, lawn seeds, organic fertilizers are often mixed with a large number of weed seeds that can be carried by vehicles or by animals.
(4) Strong vitality Many weed seeds are buried in the soil and remain viable for many years. For example, the leek seeds can survive in the soil for 6 years, and the purslane seeds can survive in the soil for 40 years. Some weed seeds, such as oysters, purslane, etc., can still germinate after being discharged through the digestive tract of livestock.
(5) Miscellaneous mature seeds of weeds in mature stage are often inconsistent. They have the habit of ripening and shedding of scattered fields, and can reproduce for several generations a year. Weed seeds mostly have ripening properties. After the flowering weeds are removed, the seeds on the plants can continue to mature.
2. Identification of Weeds (1) The main morphological characteristics of grass weeds are long narrow leaves, cylindrical stems, often hollows between nodes and roots, roots are fibrous roots, such as madder grass, crabgrass, goosegrass, and dry buckwheat. Wait.
(2) The main morphological feature of sedge weeds is that the stems are mostly three prisms, solid, no knot, individual cylindrical, hollow. Such as the aconite, broken mesa, water pine and so on.
(3) The main morphological features of broad-leaved weeds are round, heart-shaped or diamond-shaped leaves. The veins are usually reticular, round or square in shape. Such as Alternanthera philoxeroides, a year Peng, falling vegetables and so on.
The grass weeds and the Cyperaceae weeds are collectively referred to as the monocot weeds. Broad-leaved weeds are also known as dicotyledonous weeds.
Third, the selection of suitable grass species Grass selection is the basis for the establishment of lawn conservation. Appropriate seed selection, turf growth robust, good quality, strong resistance, weeds and pests harm. The selection of grass species should be based on climatic conditions, land conditions, conservation levels, and purpose of use. For example, tall fescue is the most heat-resistant grass species in the seasonal turfgrass. Zoysia japonica is more heat-resistant than Bermudagrass, blunt grass, and false grass.
4. Chemical control (1) Before construction, several weeks before and after planting, use non-selective herbicides twice, at intervals of 30 days, kill the existing weeds for the first time, and destroy the soil for the second time. Dormant seedlings germinated by dormant seeds. After the site preparation is completed, the shallow ploughing will bring the buried weed seeds out of the earth's surface to germinate. At this time, the phytotoxic herbicides are applied to prevent them.
(2) Annual weed control The annual grass weeds contain crabgrass, goosegrass, setaria, valerian, and bluegrass. Herbicides are available in varieties such as MSMA, DSMA, Valerian, Saccharomycopsis S-3, Sulfuron, Natroter, and Dispersive Phosphorus. The herbicide must be used before germination of the seed. In daily management, appropriate herbicides can be selected according to different weeds and sprayed at appropriate times.
(3) The physiology and anatomy of perennial grasses for controlling weeds and turfgrass are similar. Therefore, a herbicide that kills grass weeds often kills turfgrass. Perennial grass weeds usually use non-selective herbicides such as glyphosate or thatch, chlorsulfuron, oxime and so on. Can be controlled by smearing or directed spraying.
(4) Control of broad-leaved weeds Broad-leaved weeds are mainly controlled by stem and leaf treatment agents, such as Bichome, 2.4-D, dimethyl tetrachloro-sodium, dicamba, etc. They are mainly used on mature turf in spring and autumn. Use herbicides when the soil is moist and free of wind. The best temperature is 18 to 27°C. Selective herbicides are generally used after emergence of weeds, often in 2 to 3 combinations, but not separately.
Fifth, biological control Biological control includes: insects, pathogens, xenogenic plants and so on. Requires rapid control or suppression of pests. Biological control organisms should be applied regularly because their effectiveness is not long-lasting.
I. Biological characteristics of turf weeds (1) Amazing multi-solidity A single weed can often form thousands or even hundreds of thousands of tiny seeds. According to reports, the average yield per plant was 7,160 seeds, 52,300 purslane, 117,400 regales and 5,000 dents. This large amount of solidarity is an important reason for its superiority in competition.
(2) Diversity of Breeding Methods In addition to being able to reproduce with seeds, weeds can also reproduce asexually, especially with perennial weeds, and have strong vegetative reproduction and regeneration capabilities. For example, the roots of Cyperus rotundus contain tubers for storing nutrients, as well as stems of underground taproots that expand on all four sides. When new shoots are unearthed to form new plants, new ones are gradually formed on the lower end of the tuber, and the stems of the Portuguese gourd are issued from the tubers. As a result, it has occurred on the ground. The roots of Imperata cava can be germinated and grown after being excavated and dried. Ten centimeters long dandelion roots, buried in the soil layer of 5 to 20 cm, the survival rate can be as high as 80%.
(3) Extensive propagation pathways The seeds or fruits of weeds have the property of easily falling off. Some weeds have structures or appendages that are adapted to spread, and can spread to distant places with external forces and are widely distributed. For example, the seeds of Compositae weeds have crown hairs, which can be carried by the wind; the seeds of the cattle hairy grass, water leeks, etc. are small and light, and they can drift with water. In addition, lawn seeds, organic fertilizers are often mixed with a large number of weed seeds that can be carried by vehicles or by animals.
(4) Strong vitality Many weed seeds are buried in the soil and remain viable for many years. For example, the leek seeds can survive in the soil for 6 years, and the purslane seeds can survive in the soil for 40 years. Some weed seeds, such as oysters, purslane, etc., can still germinate after being discharged through the digestive tract of livestock.
(5) Miscellaneous mature seeds of weeds in mature stage are often inconsistent. They have the habit of ripening and shedding of scattered fields, and can reproduce for several generations a year. Weed seeds mostly have ripening properties. After the flowering weeds are removed, the seeds on the plants can continue to mature.
2. Identification of Weeds (1) The main morphological characteristics of grass weeds are long narrow leaves, cylindrical stems, often hollows between nodes and roots, roots are fibrous roots, such as madder grass, crabgrass, goosegrass, and dry buckwheat. Wait.
(2) The main morphological feature of sedge weeds is that the stems are mostly three prisms, solid, no knot, individual cylindrical, hollow. Such as the aconite, broken mesa, water pine and so on.
(3) The main morphological features of broad-leaved weeds are round, heart-shaped or diamond-shaped leaves. The veins are usually reticular, round or square in shape. Such as Alternanthera philoxeroides, a year Peng, falling vegetables and so on.
The grass weeds and the Cyperaceae weeds are collectively referred to as the monocot weeds. Broad-leaved weeds are also known as dicotyledonous weeds.
Third, the selection of suitable grass species Grass selection is the basis for the establishment of lawn conservation. Appropriate seed selection, turf growth robust, good quality, strong resistance, weeds and pests harm. The selection of grass species should be based on climatic conditions, land conditions, conservation levels, and purpose of use. For example, tall fescue is the most heat-resistant grass species in the seasonal turfgrass. Zoysia japonica is more heat-resistant than Bermudagrass, blunt grass, and false grass.
4. Chemical control (1) Before construction, several weeks before and after planting, use non-selective herbicides twice, at intervals of 30 days, kill the existing weeds for the first time, and destroy the soil for the second time. Dormant seedlings germinated by dormant seeds. After the site preparation is completed, the shallow ploughing will bring the buried weed seeds out of the earth's surface to germinate. At this time, the phytotoxic herbicides are applied to prevent them.
(2) Annual weed control The annual grass weeds contain crabgrass, goosegrass, setaria, valerian, and bluegrass. Herbicides are available in varieties such as MSMA, DSMA, Valerian, Saccharomycopsis S-3, Sulfuron, Natroter, and Dispersive Phosphorus. The herbicide must be used before germination of the seed. In daily management, appropriate herbicides can be selected according to different weeds and sprayed at appropriate times.
(3) The physiology and anatomy of perennial grasses for controlling weeds and turfgrass are similar. Therefore, a herbicide that kills grass weeds often kills turfgrass. Perennial grass weeds usually use non-selective herbicides such as glyphosate or thatch, chlorsulfuron, oxime and so on. Can be controlled by smearing or directed spraying.
(4) Control of broad-leaved weeds Broad-leaved weeds are mainly controlled by stem and leaf treatment agents, such as Bichome, 2.4-D, dimethyl tetrachloro-sodium, dicamba, etc. They are mainly used on mature turf in spring and autumn. Use herbicides when the soil is moist and free of wind. The best temperature is 18 to 27°C. Selective herbicides are generally used after emergence of weeds, often in 2 to 3 combinations, but not separately.
Fifth, biological control Biological control includes: insects, pathogens, xenogenic plants and so on. Requires rapid control or suppression of pests. Biological control organisms should be applied regularly because their effectiveness is not long-lasting.
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