By 2010, Shanghai's GDP energy consumption should be reduced by 20%. How can it be reduced? The reporter learned from the opening ceremony of the Shanghai Clean Energy Research and Industry Promotion Center held yesterday that solar energy, wind power, hydrogen fuel cells, biomass energy, and clean coal are the next five major clean energy directions. The five “generals†will be in the future 5 Each year is a real effort to enter the lives of the people and play an important role in energy conservation and consumption reduction in the fields of construction, transportation, and production.
According to Professor Yan Yongjie of East China University of Science and Technology, in the future, through the fat exchange reaction, the household kitchen oil can also “smelt†diesel. Take KFC, McDonald's and other food and beverage institutions as an example, their edible processing oil must be eliminated after five frying operations. These waste oils contain triglycerides. If they are collected, and methanol is used to replace the glycerol molecules in the waste oil, glycerol and biodiesel can be synthesized. Currently, Shanghai has the capacity to produce 10,000 tons of diesel annually through restaurant and kitchen waste oil. It is expected that large-scale laboratories in Chongming can be officially put into use next year, and the recycling and extraction technology for residents' kitchens will soon be popularized. It is understood that this project is one of the results of the research direction of clean coal.
Everyone regards coal as a symbol of “dirty foulâ€, but Shanghai Jiaotong University professor Luo Yonghao said that Shanghai scientists have found a coup to clean coal, not only can use coal to generate electricity, but also can synthesize chemical products and change hydrogen. Provide a steady stream of power to future hydrogen-powered cars. As for the nitrogen and oxygen pollutants produced by coal combustion, experts have sought a technical route to separating it into nitrogen and oxygen.
In the aspect of hydrogen energy utilization, a permanent hydrogen refueling station for the society will emerge near the Anting International Automobile Museum at the end of this year, and it can provide hydrogen service for 20 cars and 3 buses.
According to reports, the newly established Clean Energy Center has gathered the strengths of the city. It is expected that the Expo Park and Chongming Ecological Island will become the demonstration centers of comprehensive and renewable energy sources for energy use in Shanghai within five years.
Yesterday, the Shanghai Clean Energy Research and Promotion Center was officially established. This indicates that Shanghai will focus on the five major clean energy sources, namely solar energy, wind energy, hydrogen energy, biomass energy, and clean coal, and concentrate on research. How will this clean energy "Five Tigers" open the door to Shanghai's future energy?
Whether kitchen waste oil can enter the gas station kitchen waste oil can also be converted into biomass energy. Let kitchen waste oil flow through a special pipe, and other "spent oil" gathering, and then through experimental devices to allow glycerol molecules out of waste oil, can be made into biodiesel, into the car engine.
[Expert interpretation] Professor Yan Yongjie of the East China University of Science and Technology's School of Resources and Environment like KFC, McDonald's and other food and beverage institutions, its edible processing oil must be eliminated after 5 times of frying. However, the results of laboratory studies have confirmed that diesel oil can be "smelted" in restaurant waste oil. The triglyceride molecules in the waste oil can be replaced by methanol, and finally biodiesel can be prepared through a series of reactions. At present, Shanghai has the ability to use catering waste oil to produce 10,000 tons of diesel per year. It is expected that the large-scale laboratory located in Chongming can be officially put into use next year.
Does the “black boy†wash clean? The coal feels black and dirty, and it is also one of the “culprits†emitting sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and dust. However, people have found a coup for themselves to clean, not only can be used to generate electricity, but also the synthesis of chemical products, change hydrogen.
[Expert Interpretation] Prof. Luo Yonghao, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University For nitrogen oxides, experts have found a technical route to separating it into nitrogen and oxygen. The traditional method of combustion is to allow the pulverized coal and the air to meet each other at the bottom of the boiler and burn it enough to produce nitrogen oxides which are then lifted together to the top of the boiler. Now, letting a small amount of air and pulverized coal meet, artificially lead to oxygen-deficient combustion. In this way, the remaining unreacted pulverized coal continues to react with the nitrogen oxides produced by combustion, burning off the oxygen in the nitrogen oxides, leaving the non-polluting nitrogen directly discharged into the air. Coal gasification polygeneration technology is also a big hit. After coal becomes carbon monoxide and hydrogen through gasification, it can not only generate electricity, but also synthesize methanol. If water vapor is added, pure hydrogen can be separated and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles can be powered.
How hydrogen energy can be safely used Hydrogen energy can be prepared using fossil energy, photothermal, photovoltaic and other methods, and then sent to hydrogen energy power plants and various fuel cell energy terminals through special storage and transportation methods. Among them, the "relay station" on which many fuel cell vehicles rely is a hydrogen refueling station. Hydrogen is explosive. If a hydrogen refueling station has a variety of instruments for monitoring from time to time and there are workers monitoring it remotely, then even if the pressure around the hydrogen is not stable, it can be immediately released to the sky. There is a safe home for hydrogen energy use.
[Expert Interpretation] Professor Ma Jianxin, director of the Institute of Hydrogen Energy Technology, Tongji University Automobile Institute, is a flammable gas, but its “light†nature determines that it will not spread to other areas like other gases, but only Diffusion at high altitude; In addition, because the pressure inside the hydrogen refueling station is higher than the external environment, the huge pressure difference is also conducive to the upward flow of hydrogen, so that the concentration of the mixed gas will not reach the explosion limit.
Hydrogen storage sites should be left open or semi-open ceilings to ensure proper ventilation. On the other hand, the hydrogen refueling station itself is also equipped with numerous monitoring equipment. When the temperature around the hydrogen refueling station is detected to be too high and the pressure inside the hydrogen refuelling station is abnormal, the hydrogen refueling station will automatically relieve the pressure and discharge the hydrogen gas to the sky. Reduce the concentration of mixed gas to ensure the safety of the hydrogen refueling station. At the end of this year, a permanent hydrogen refueling station for the society will be located near the Anting International Automobile Museum. Its "live capacity" can provide hydrogen service for 20 cars and 3 buses.
Relies on solar energy to fill the gap?
The hot summer sun can be turned into a "back-up power source" for residents' lives, compensating for power shortages during the peak hours of electricity use in summer.
[Expert interpretation] Chen Mingbo, deputy director of the 181 Institute, compared the conventional technology of making solar energy into battery power supply, and the solar grid-connected system being studied will develop a high-power inverter to convert the direct current from the sun into alternating current. Realize parallel operation. The number of sunshine hours suitable for solar power generation in Shanghai is 2,700 hours per year. According to the solar energy conversion of 5-6 kWh per kilowatt, it can basically fill the city's power shortage. In addition, solar power is also very suitable for large enterprises such as steel and petrochemical.
How "blue sky white coal" collects winds that pass by and has the reputation of "blue sky white coal". Shanghai Linjiang is close to the sea and is affected by the north and south winds. The accumulated annual effective wind power is more than 300 days, and wind energy resources are abundant.
[Explanation of Experts] Wang Xiaodi, executive deputy director of the Shanghai Electric Power Group Wind Power Office, China has basically mastered 200-600 kW large-scale wind turbine manufacturing technology, and the Shanghai Wind Power Technology Research Laboratory will be based on the introduction of foreign 1.25 MW wind turbine technology. Developed a megawatt onshore wind turbine and developed an offshore wind turbine suitable for the Chinese market. Shanghai has built 18 grid-connected wind turbines in Chongming and Nanhui. It is expected that the annual power generation will reach 48.8 million kWh, accounting for about 6% of the city's electricity consumption.
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