In recent years, with the adjustment of the rural industrial structure, the planting area of ​​sunflower has increased year by year, and the number of diseases has also increased. Among them, sunflower head disease is particularly serious. The incidence of bad head disease (which is one of the head rot sclerotia) is as high as 80% to 100%, which seriously affects the yield of sunflower. 1. Symptoms and conditions of the disease The disease can develop from emergence to maturity. The incidence of stalks is mostly at the base, forming watery lesions. When the humidity is high, white mycelium grows on the lesions, making the stalk fragile and easy to break. The whole plant died. The flowers of the final flowering period are susceptible to the disease. When the disease occurs, brown immersed spots appear on the back of the disk. When the weather is rainy, it spreads rapidly. Through the disk, white mycelium grows, causing the entire disk to soften and fall off. When sclerotia fall on the ground and overwinter, it is usually heavy in the soil, the temperature is low, and the disease is heavy under continuous cropping conditions. 2. Control measures 1 Crop rotation is not allowed to be carried out with crops such as Leguminosae and Solanaceae, and it can be used in rotation with grass crops. Planting plots and pre-planting sunflower fields must maintain a certain distance. 2 Select resistant varieties, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to improve disease resistance. Appropriate late sowing, sowing time moved to late May, so that the flowering period staggered the rainy season. The sclerotia can be buried below 7 cm in the soil by deep tumbling to reduce the incidence of bad head disease. 3 Clear field strains. During the growing period, remove the diseased plants, burn them, or bury them deeply in the soil. After the harvest, the diseased plant residues should be picked out and burned in the field. 4 seed treatment, soaking with 60 °C hot water for 10-20 minutes, can also be used 50% sclerotia net seed weight by 0.5% of the amount of seed dressing. Flowering spraying, with 50% saccaride net 500 times spray or 50% fast-king, 50% ethylene nucleus Lee 800-1000 times liquid, in the late flowering period with spray 2-3 times, spray 7 days interval 1 time.
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