Saline Soil Lawn Establishment and Management

In recent years, in Shandong Province, Texas has accumulated a wealth of experience in greening saline-alkali land, and mastered mature greening and alkalinity technologies. Some lawns perform well in Texas, have a long period of use, and have a certain degree of soil improvement. Turfgrasses can effectively cover bare ground in salt-alkali land in a short period of time, reduce surface water evaporation, reduce the salt content of surface soil, and legume ground cover plants have the effect of fertilizing and improving soil. By comparison, turf-covered plots contained 0.1 to 0.2% lower salinity than plots without turf, and the trees did not exhibit yellowing and premature aging common to saline-alkali soils. Through several years of efforts in Texas, the speed of development of lawns in saline-alkali lands has been rapid. However, there are some problems that cannot be ignored in the establishment and management of plants. These are summarized as follows: 1. Turf establishment 1. Soil Improvement Dezhou City is located in the northwest of Shandong, with an annual rainfall of 580 mm, a groundwater level of 0.6 to 1.2 m, a heavy saline soil, a pH of 6.8 to 8.2, an average salt content of 0.3% to 0.5%, and a groundwater salinity of 4.3 g/L. The growth of plants is endangered by salt and alkali. It is difficult to survive and greening is very difficult. Most of the saline-alkali lands need to be improved before they can be used. The light saline-alkali soils can be improved by adding fertilizers, peat, and modified fertilizers, combined with deep-turning and cultivating, and the salt-alkali-heavy areas need to pass through the salt and soil, laying the infiltration pipe. And other methods improve. Some people think that the turfgrass is resistant to direct sowing on the original soil, but the effect is not satisfactory. Changing bed soil is a common practice for maintaining the normal growth of lawns. Soil replacement is at least 30 cm thick, and a layer of about 8 to 10 cm (barley straw or bark) is required to cover the soil. Planting soil must be selected for loam or Clay loam. In the past, it was thought that sandy soil was conducive to turfgrass growth, but it was not. The sandy loam has good permeability and poor conservation ability. Excessive sandness of the flat bed can easily cause grass yellowing and premature aging. Excessive water spray at the seedling stage can easily cause secondary salinization of topsoil and affect turfgrass growth. 2. Species selection must be selected before sowing. In the past few years, the country’s precocious species had been vigorously promoted in Texas, but the precocious puberty performance was extremely poor and the effect was not ideal. Practice has shown that tall fescue is the grass species of choice for lawn development in saline land. Festuca arundinacea has strong salt-tolerant ability, has the characteristics of fast landing, drought resistance, heat resistance, resistance to pods, resistance to barrenness, resistance to trampling, light damage to pests and diseases, and indistinct dyads. , but the texture of the turf is slightly inferior to the precocious. However, in recent years, some fine leaf varieties have been introduced one after another, such as 'Rookie', 'Happy Island', 'TF-66', 'Bonsai', etc., which have narrowed the differences. Poor performance in the saline-alkali region is due to its relatively salt-tolerance and heat-resistance, relatively poor pests and diseases, high water and fertilizer requirements, difficult conservation, and high conservation costs. It can only be mixed with other varieties. The proportion of mixed broadcast should not exceed 20%. The varieties should also be selected for strong resistance such as 'Park', 'Bahrain', 'Kony', etc. The perennial ryegrass has poor heat-resistance and short life span, and should not be widely used. It should only be used as a temporary protective turf. The bentgrass has strong saline-alkali resistance and rapid growth, but it also has the disadvantages of not resisting drought, requiring more fertilizer, and frequent pruning. The maintenance is not timely, the bottom grass is yellow, and it is easy to form a meadow layer, which affects the ornamental effect and lifespan of the lawn. White clover has the characteristics of no trimming, heat resistance, cold resistance, and resistance to barrenness, and its management is extensive. However, its uneven appearance and long residual white inflorescences are unsightly and have little scope for planting. 3. Any increase in the seeding rate is a common mistake. In 1998, during the construction of the slope protection turf project on the Texas Expressway in Dezhou, there was a construction section that first became a flat one month after sowing and was growing well. In less than three months, the construction party put forward the most lawn problems. The reason is that due to the increase in the amount of sowing, the turf is advanced in advance, the lawn is stopped growing in the high temperature and high humidity season in summer, and the turf is covered, resulting in the emergence of diseases and insects, and local yellowing and death. If the seeding rate is too low, the root system of the lawn is well-developed and the resistance is good, but the exposed surface is liable to cause weed growth and the possibility of secondary salt return. Therefore, the amount of sowing should be based on soil, climate, and conservation conditions. 4. It is customary to think that spring is the golden season for planting trees and grasses. Actually, the best time to establish lawns for saline-alkali land is from early August to mid-September. The late sowing time is also not conducive to the winter safety of the lawn. Spring in Texas, with less wind and rain, and dry air, will inevitably increase the number of water sprays at the seedling stage, and can easily cause an increase in surface salinity. The temperature is high and low, and the ground temperature rises slowly, which hinders the growth of the grass roots. Summer grass planting, high temperature and high humidity environment make turfgrass growth retardation, weeds, diseases and insect pests often fail to build Ping. In the autumn, the bed of flat bed was showered by heavy rain in summer, the salt content was reduced, the weeds were nearly dry, the pests and diseases were reduced, the temperature was suitable, the ground temperature was higher than the temperature, and the root system of turfgrass grew rapidly. The sowing time should be linked to the time of soil change. It is also wrong to habitually change the land before the land was changed and greening after years. Dezhou City peace apartment turf construction, in November 1999 changed the soil, planted in early April 2000, emergence is uneven, and growth is uneven. After two weeks, the rebroadcast was destroyed and the situation remains the same. At that time, it was thought that it was grass species or uneven fertilization. Replayed again in early May, with even worse results. After consultation, it was concluded that due to the fact that the land exchange was catching up less precipitation in winter and spring than before, the dry weather was dry, causing the groundwater to rise and evaporate, the salt content in the surface soil was high, and the lawn could not grow normally, resulting in the failure to build Ping. Second, maintenance and management of salt and alkali land management technology requirements are higher, more stringent, more specific, is a professional and labor-intensive work, must not blindly expand the saline lawn area. In practice, the new planting lawn should focus on watering, pruning, and weeding at seedling stage. For perennial turf, emphasis should be placed on fertilization, disease prevention, and perforation. Some units have the phenomenon of no application, less fertilization or no watering, less watering, and fear that the turfgrass will grow too fast and increase the frequency of pruning. Over time, the turfgrass growth process can not get due nutrition, can easily cause leaf color chlorosis, reduced stress resistance, pests and diseases easily infected and spread, turf quality degradation, premature aging degradation, thereby shortening the life of the lawn.

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