Rice seedlings and direct-seeded rice are highly susceptible to lodging due to their shallow root systems. To enhance plant resistance, proper cultivation practices must be implemented. The key measures include:
(1) Selecting dwarf and lodging-resistant varieties is essential. For early rice, varieties such as Jia Yu 293 and Jia Yu 280 are recommended. These varieties have moderate height, thick stems, and strong resistance to lodging, while also offering higher yields. They are currently the preferred choices in production. Varieties like Jia 948, which have poor lodging resistance, should not be used for transplanting or direct seeding. For late rice, mid-maturing varieties such as Glutinous 18 and Ning 67 are suitable, while early-maturing late-indica types like Yonjing 52, Yonjing 38, and C93-390 can also be used. In the case of direct seeding, fewer options are available, but varieties like Zhi 922 are suitable.
(2) Controlling the initial seedling population is crucial. For direct-seeded rice, the seeding rate should be carefully managed. Typically, early rice is seeded at 4.5–5 kg per mu, single-season rice at 3.5–4 kg, and late rice at 6–7 kg. For transplanted rice, early rice requires 110,000–130,000 seedlings per mu, single-season late rice needs 80,000–100,000, and late rice requires 120,000–140,000 seedlings.
(3) Timing the field preparation and controlling the peak seedling count is important. When the number of seedlings reaches 80% of the planned panicle count, it's time to start field preparation. The final seedling density should be about 1.5 times the target panicle number, helping to improve the population structure and promote strong, healthy plants that are more resistant to lodging.
(4) Effective fertilizer and water management plays a vital role. For both transplanted and direct-seeded rice, balanced fertilization before, during, and after the growth stages is necessary. Nitrogen application should be controlled, while phosphorus and potassium should be increased to prevent excessive vegetative growth. Water management should involve intermittent irrigation, especially during the middle and later growth stages, to encourage strong root development. Avoiding continuous flooding is critical to prevent root collapse.
(5) Pest and disease control is essential. Transplanted and direct-seeded rice often show dark green leaves in the early stage, followed by dense populations later on. Regular monitoring and timely application of appropriate pesticides based on pest and disease occurrence are necessary to avoid large-scale damage.
(6) Chemical regulation can help manage high-risk groups. Spraying uniconazole (or oxazole) at the early jointing stage can significantly reduce internode length and improve lodging resistance. According to trials, applying 1.5–2 kg of uniconazole granules mixed with mud or 20–25 ml of 5% uniconazole EC per acre during the early jointing period of early rice can effectively strengthen plant structure and reduce the risk of lodging.
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