Small watermelon, also known as pocket watermelon, mini watermelon. Small watermelon meat is tender, less fiber, sweet taste, and easy to carry, is a high-end gift melon, deeply loved by consumers. Its price is more than 1 times higher than ordinary watermelon, and its economic benefits are considerable. Early spring greenhouse cultivation techniques should grasp the following five points:
I. Variety selection
Early spring cultivation generally chooses early-maturing, disease-resistant, high-yield, and high-quality varieties. At present, the popularization and application are: Hong Xiaoyu, Te Xiaofeng, Heimei, early spring ruby, Xiaoyu, Yangchun, Chunguang and so on.
Second, the mouth arrangement
Early spring greenhouse cultivation is the main cultivation method for small watermelons. In the greenhouse, small sheds, plastic membranes, and other multi-layer coverage, to increase ground temperature and temperature. The suitable sowing period is from late January to early February, from late February to early March planting large seedlings in greenhouses (three-leaf one heart), making full use of the light and heat favorable conditions for light rainfall from March to May, and sufficient light conditions. Starting in the middle of the year, it can produce more results and higher yields.
Third, nurture strong seedlings
The rootstock shall be sowed in a nutrient pod or a tray after soaking and sowing, and after about 7 days, the cotyledons of the gourd are separated, and when the true leaves have been revealed, the watermelon seeds are sowed for germination. The first true leaves of gourd seedlings are half-expanded, and it is the most suitable method to use the splicing method to graft the true leaves of watermelon. After 20 days, the grafted seedlings can be planted when they grow to 2 to 3 true leaves.
Fourth, timely planting
We chose land plots with low groundwater level, high dryness, good drainage, and no melons within three years.
1. Apply base fertilizer. Small watermelons have high planting densities, and they have many cultivars and many harvests. The harvesting period is long and the amount of fertilizers is large. Therefore, base fertilizers should be re-used. Normally, organic fertilizer is applied at a rate of 6 cubic meters per mu, and 50 kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied in layers. The method is to open the ditch at an average spacing of 2 to 2.25 meters, with a groove width of 50 centimeters and a depth of 40 centimeters. Fill the excavated land first half, apply 70% of the organic fertilizer, mix it thoroughly, and pour the water. The remaining soil is backfilled 2/3, and the remaining 30% of the organic fertilizer is applied, mixed and then watered, and the drenching level shall prevail. Then the ternary compound fertilizer was sprinkled into and turned evenly. The ridge was 15 cm high along the midline along the middle of the ridge and the ridge was covered with a film shed to prepare for planting.
2. Planting density. The planting density and cultivation methods of small watermelon differ depending on the method of pruning, and the pruning method is still dominated by climbing cultivation. The use of two vine pruning, planting density is generally 800 per acre; using multiple vines (4 ~ 5 vines) pruning, planting density is generally 400 to 500 per acre. When planting, open the hole on the mulch by the spacing of 40 cm. After the seedlings are planted, pour in small water sluice through the hole. After water infiltration, close the hole, cover the shed film, and then cover the other layers in the afternoon to ensure the night temperature.
V. Field Management
1. Temperature, lighting management. Slow seedlings require higher temperatures, which should be maintained around 30°C during the day, 15°C at night, and no lower than 10°C. The greenhouse is covered with multiple layers at night. After sunrise, the film is removed from the outside and the inside, and covered by layers from the inside to the outside in the afternoon. Keep seedlings at 22°C to 25°C during daytime, ventilation at 33°C and 12°C at night. A higher temperature is required during the fruiting period, and the temperature is maintained between 30°C and 32°C during the day and 18°C ​​during the night to facilitate flower development, pollination, fertilization and fruit development.
2. Reasonable pruning. Small watermelon grows weakly and has a small fruit shape. It is suitable for growing many vines and melons. At present, the pruning method used in production is mainly at the six-leaf stage. After the vines have been spawned, 3 to 5 closely-growing sub-vines are retained to make them grow in parallel, and the remaining sub-vines and the saplings of the melons are removed. Sun Man.
3. Fertilizer management. After filling the bottom water, applying basic fertilizer, and reusing long-lasting organic fertilizer, the head melon should not be watered or top-dressed in principle before harvest. If there is insufficient water, it should be properly supplemented before the harvest. After most of the head pods are harvested, the second pods should be top-dressed when they begin to swell, with potassium and nitrogen fertilizers as the main components, supplemented with part of the phosphate fertilizer. Apply 50 yuan of compound fertilizer per acre, spread the ditch in the outer periphery of the root, and apply water after covering the soil. Most of the second loquat fruit has been harvested. When the third loquat fruit begins to inflate, it is top-dressed according to the previous application amount and fertilization method, and the number of waterings is appropriately increased.
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