In recent years, because fertilization technology is not matched, one-sided pursuit of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, ignoring the role of trace elements, resulting in crop nutrients is not comprehensive enough, zinc deficiency problems are prominent, such as rice "reduced seedlings," "freezing seedlings," "sitting The major diseases of corn, such as "flower white leaf disease", apple "leaflet disease", peach "cluster leaf disease", citrus "yellow leaf" and other physiological diseases, have become a major problem affecting crop yield increase. One of the limiting factors must be given high priority.
First, the typical symptoms of zinc deficiency in crops
Zinc deficiency in crops is a typical trace element deficiency, also known as physiological disease. The typical symptoms are: chlorosis of leaves, shortening of internodes, clusters, lobule, plant dwarf, growth inhibition, resulting in slow growth, branches and leaves deformity, fruit scarce. For example, the leaves of rice are whitish-green, brown spots appear, and the plants shrink, often referred to as "freezing seedlings, sitting hoeing," "white seedling disease," and "reducing seedling disease." Maize leaves bleed and there are brown spots, forming " "White flower seedlings", lack of grain and alopecia areata; white and green streaks or bands appear on both sides of wheat veins; internodes are short, and heading and flowering are delayed and irregular; when severe zinc deficiency occurs, heads cannot grow, and grains of spike are light; cotton leaves lose seedling stage. Green, curly edges, stem elongation inhibited, internode shortening, plants clustered, growth period delayed, low yield; fruit trees "dark leaf disease", "lobular disease", "small fruit disease"; vegetables in the upper Leaf chlorosis, yellowing, small leaves, etc., in short, the crops of zinc deficiency plants dwarf, internode shortening, clustering, fruit small skin thickness, low yield, poor quality.
Second, zinc deficiency in soil is a common phenomenon
For a long time, China's traditional fertilizers only pay attention to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, and neglected the research and application of trace elements, resulting in the use of fertilizer trace element additives. It is still in the exploratory stage. According to statistics, in early spring, low temperatures, high groundwater levels are highly susceptible to zinc deficiency; alkaline soils have low effective zinc content and are mainly distributed in the Yangtze River, the Han River Plain, and the Hubei Plain, and so on. Attention should be paid to the application of zinc fertilizers. In addition, the large-scale application of compound fertilizers or excessive application of phosphate fertilizers and nitrogen fertilizers by farmers in various areas will also induce severe zinc deficiency in crops. The application of hybrid varieties and high-yield cultivation techniques requires a greater amount of zinc for crops and more application of zinc fertilizer.
Third, comprehensive prevention and control, rational fertilization
In recent years, through the application of zinc fertilizers, the facts have proved that the application of zinc fertilizer can promote the growth and development of crops, increase the fruit setting rate, enhance the cold resistance and disease resistance of the crops, and increase the yield by about 10-30%. Improve the quality of agricultural products. Therefore, zinc fertilizer can be widely used in rice, corn, wheat, cotton, rape, vegetables, soybeans, peanuts, potatoes, tobacco, tomatoes, apples, peaches, oranges, tung oil and other crops.
Rational fertilization. For the zinc-deficient land, soil improvement shall be carried out first, and straw coverage shall be promoted in dry fields to increase soil moisture, enhance drought resistance, reduce the fixing of available zinc and other nutrients, and increase the content of available zinc in the soil; Straw returned to the field, the source of water should be guaranteed as much as possible to put water in the field, the water can be used semi-dry cultivation. Second, we must increase zinc fertilizers. Agrochemical service personnel may be employed in various places to conduct soil testing and guidance, and targeted zinc fertilizers may be used. Generally, base fertilizers may be used as the main fertilizer, supplemented by topdressing, and may also be sprayed on the foliage. Most paddy fields may be uniformly distributed as base fertilizer or tiller fertilizer. , Effectively increase rice yield.
In short, if you want a good crop, scientific zinc is the most important. From the analysis of the development trend of fertilizers, China's “zinc†fertilizers are developing in slow-release, special-purpose, standard, and fine-scale development. With the widespread promotion and application of various “zinc†compound fertilizers, it is bound to trigger crop fertilization. Field "zinc" revolution. At the same time, it has caused the research and attention of zinc in China's agricultural community, and has done a good job in the popularization and application of “zinc†fertilizers so that “zinc†fertilizers will increase zinc in China’s agriculture, increase agricultural production, and increase farmers’ income. (Yao Guangxian Qin Xingjiang)
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