The pepper is a type of vegetable with a large amount of fertilizer, and about 5.19 kg of nitrogen, 1.07 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 6.46 kg of potassium oxide are required for each 1000 kg of rice produced. Fertilizer should pay attention to the following points:
1 Nutrient soil preparation Seedling bed soil should be fertile, loose and ventilated, soil porosity above 60%, bulk density less than or equal to 1, readily available nitrogen 50 ~ 100mg/kg, available phosphorus 50mg/kg, and rich in potassium is best. For example, if the nursery soil is used as a nursery soil for many years, it must be sterilized. Otherwise, seedling stage disease such as damping-off disease and blight will occur. For example, in the field soil, sandy loam is better. Proportional addition of organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers, organic fertilizers include large manure, pig manure, horse dung, peat moss, bauxite, etc., preferably using peat moss frozen in winter. Seedling bed soil preparation, with 5 pieces of decomposed peat, 3 pieces of decomposed horse manure or pig manure residue, 2 parts of field soil; 5 parts of decomposed horse manure, 2 pieces of decomposed manure, and 3 parts of field soil. When the soil acidity is high, appropriate amount of lime can be added, and when the viscosity is heavy, appropriate amount of fine sand can be added. The sham bed soil was prepared and mixed with 1/2 field soil, 1/4 peat soil, 1/4 cooked horse dung or pig manure residue, and 3 kg of quick-acting fertilizer was added per m3 of nutrient soil.
2 Fertilizer cultivation at the seedling stage is based on basal fertilizer, which controls topdressing and generally does not top up the fertilizer before planting. When the seedlings carry out 1 to 2 true leaves, if the bed soil is not fertile enough and the seedlings show a lack of fertilizer, 10% of fully decomposed human waste water or 0.1% urea may be applied in combination with a small amount of phosphorus. Potash. Bed soil fertility can be applied less or not topdressing, the concentration should not be too large, otherwise easy to hurt the roots, and even cause defoliation. The topdressing should be carried out before and after noon on sunny days. Immediately after the topdressing, clean the water and rinse off the faecal water on the leaves. After fertilizing with water, the leaves of the seedlings should be left to dry before they can be closed.
3 Soil selection Peppers require higher soil conditions, and clay soils have strong water retention and fertility, but they have poor drainage and air permeability. After the colonization, the temperature of the early stage of the peppers rises slowly, the seedlings are delayed, but there is a stamina; the sandy soil drainage and air permeability Well, after the planting, the temperature rises quickly, and the trees grow early, but the fertilizer retention capacity is poor, and the soil is prone to premature aging in the late period. The sandy loam has good fertilizer retention, water retention and air permeability, and is most suitable for the growth of peppers. The pH value of the soil is preferably 6.2-7.2.
4 Daejeon base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer. Commonly used organic fertilizers include manure, bauxite, pig manure, pond mud, human waste, cake fertilizer, etc., 667m2 rotten organic fertilizer 3000 ~ 5000kg, superphosphate 50 ~ 80kg, cake fertilizer 50 ~ 100kg, 2/3 shop, One-third of implanted into the ditch. The amount of basal fertilizer to be cultivated in greenhouses is large. In general, 7500 kg of high-quality farmyard fertilizer is applied per 667 m2, 300 kg of cake fertilizer, 60 kg of superphosphate, and 50 kg of ammonium bicarbonate.
5 Top dressings include two top dressing methods for open cultivation and early spring greenhouse cultivation
1 In the early growth stage of top-dressing cultivation, one small water is poured every 5 to 6 days, and a small amount of manure is flushed with water. After July, chemical fertilizers were mainly used to top up the chemical fertilizers in 3 batches. After harvesting of the peppers, the top dressing was combined with the soil, and 10 to 15 kg of urea was applied per 667m2. The second time of dressing was rapid when the peppers expanded rapidly. Urea 10 was applied. ~ 15kg, the third time in the third fruit rapid expansion, top dressing, urea 20 ~ 25kg per 667m2. After August, you can use water to dilute the manure when watering, chase the chemical fertilizer to use the main points, and bury the fertilizer under the soil. The rhizosphere is between 5 and 10cm. If the soil is not very dry during fertilization, it can be poured first. Water, watering after two days.
2 early spring greenhouse cultivation top dressing method when planting watering not too much, after the planting water planting cultivator in a timely manner after the cultivator, after the cultivator to appropriate seedlings, control of fertilizer and water to prevent plant leggy, resulting in falling flowers and fruit. When the door pepper fruit reaches 2 ~ 3cm large, timely watering topdressing, per 667m2 treatment of manure excrement 500 ~ 1000kg or 15 ~ 25kg ammonium sulfate, applied fertilizer timely cultivator. Pepper harvest, the pepper grows to 2 ~ 3cm, ammonium sulfate 10kg, potassium sulfate 10kg, can also be sprayed superphosphate extract. The third layer of fruit has been enlarged, the fourth layer of fruit has been sitting, into the harvest peak should increase the amount of fertilizer, every 667m2 ammonium sulfate 20kg, potassium sulfate 10kg, the results of post-coating fertilizer watering 2 or 3 times. In the early stage, topdressing can be performed in acupuncture points, and it can also be applied, paying attention to the distance from the root system. The top dressing is applied with water.
6 Carbon dioxide fertilizes carbon dioxide, reduces flowering and fruiting, increases fruit setting rate, increases planting ability, expands plant shape, and increases the amount of flower buds, which greatly increases the number of results. And the single fruit quality improved, the same size single fruit weight increase of about 10%. It is advisable to use carbon dioxide fertilizer for greenhouse peppers grown in greenhouses for more than 15 days from the initial flowering stage, and the concentration should be 750 mg/L in sunny days and 550 mg/L in cloudy days.
7 The use of trace elements is generally adequate for organic fertilizers and does not produce trace elements. Calcium can delay the senescence of peppers and increase resistance, while calcium deficiency makes pepper plants grow slowly, and fruits are easy to get umbilical rot. Generally acidic soils are prone to calcium deficiency, and 667m2 can be used to apply 50-70kg of lime. It can also play a role in improving the soil, neutralizing acidity, and releasing potential nutrients in the soil.
Entering the fruit harvesting period, magnesium absorption increased, if magnesium is insufficient, the symptoms of magnesium deficiency, grayish green leaves, yellow veins between the leaves, the lower leaves fall off, the plants dwarf, fruit setting rate is low. Available 1% ~ 3% of magnesium sulfate or 1% of magnesium nitrate, spraying fertilizer solution per 667m2 about 50kg, and even spray several times.
Boron deficiency, anther cell division is abnormal, pollen development is poor, pollen germination and pollen tube growth are significantly inhibited, a large number of phenolic compounds accumulated, so that the apical or stem end meristem tissue damage or death. Can be used 0.1% ~ 0.25% borax or boric acid solution spray, each time every 667m2 40 ~ 80kg solution, 6 ~ 7d once, and even spray 2 ~ 3 times.
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