First, the characteristics of wheat need fertilizer
To give science fertilization to wheat, first of all, we should understand the characteristics of the wheat's requirement for fertilizer. Only the best results can be achieved by “favoring the best†and “fertilizing on demandâ€.
According to the data, for every 100 kg of wheat grain produced, 2.8-3.2 kg of pure nitrogen, 1-1.5 kg of pure phosphorus, and 2-4 kg of pure potassium need to be absorbed. The ratio of NPK is 1:0.4:1 or 3:1:3. . According to the findings of the Soil and Fertilizer Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are required for the emergence and jointing of wheat to be 40%, 20%, and 20%, respectively; from the jointing stage to flowering stage, the peak period of nutrient absorption by wheat absorbs nitrogen and phosphorus. Potassium and potassium were 48%, 67% and 65%, respectively, and nutrient absorption after seed formation was significantly reduced.
Second, the determination of the amount of base fertilizer
The simpler and more practical fertilization method is based on the principle of "soil return theory" and combines current practice with "formula fertilization."
This method has been recommended by the author since 1996, and the practical application of the farmers' Mingyou is good. The general setting of the wheat yield index is 500 kg/mu, which requires 15 kg of pure nitrogen, 7.5 kg of pure phosphorus, and 15 kg of pure potassium. Because the nutrient residues in the soil and the fertilizer utilization in the current season can offset each other, they can be ignored. Therefore, the amount of fertilizer should be equivalent to urea (N ≥ 46%) 32.6 kg, diammonium phosphate (P2O5 ≥ 46%, N ≥ 18%) 16.3 kg, potassium chloride 25 kg (K2O ≥ 60%). Of course, the application of chemical fertilizers in combination with livestock manure and other high-quality organic fertilizers has a better effect, which can greatly increase the organic matter content of the soil, improve the retention of fertilizer and water retention capacity and increase the utilization of fertilizers, but the proportion of applications in actual production is relatively small. Then focus on instructions.
However, taking into account the low utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer in the current season, it is generally appropriate to increase the application of 30% -50% (for the above-mentioned amount of fertilizer, the same below); phosphorus, potassium fertilizer in the soil mobility is small, generally all at the end; The mobility of nitrogen fertilizers is large, and it is generally preferred to use them in stages; because wheat needs a certain amount of nitrogen nutrition at the seedling stage, and a certain degree of nitrogen nutrient is required for the ammoniated rot of the straw to return to the field, it is necessary to apply a certain amount of urea ( Base fertilizer application of diammonium phosphate can provide a certain amount of pure nitrogen nutrients).
Based on the above factors, wheat generally applies 10 kg of urea per hectare, 20-25 kg of diammonium phosphate, 20-30 kg of potassium chloride or potassium sulfate (alkalinity is converted to potassium sulfate of K2O ≥ 45%), and total effective nutrient content is added. About 30 kilograms. Here, it is necessary to remind everyone that the method of fertilizer application is not only beneficial to the high yield and high efficiency of wheat, but also can be used as a "two-purpose fertilizer." In the lower corn, 5-10 kg of DAP can be used as seed fertilizer and 25-30 kg of urea can be used as fertilizer. High-yielding harvests were obtained under topdressing conditions.
Third, the demand of wheat for trace fertilizer
In terms of micro-fertilizers, wheat is highly sensitive to manganese and copper. Appropriate increase in production is beneficial to yield; wheat is not sensitive to zinc and molybdenum, but due to long-term use of large amounts of phosphate fertilizer, zinc deficiency and lack of molybdenum are often induced. Therefore, conditional, generally per acre base fertilizer application of zinc sulfate, calcium sulfate 2 kg each and copper sulfate 1 kg is good (can be applied once every 1 to 2 years). The required amount of molybdenum fertilizer is very low, the foliar spray can be used, and the output input is more significant.
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