In the absence of laboratory equipment, the superior physical properties can be identified by the following physical properties.
1. Color and Morphology High-quality chemical fertilizers have uniform grain size and specific gravity, as well as smooth surfaces and pure colors. Such as Russia produced three-element compound fertilizer (16-16-16) and the United States Diammonium phosphate. The pseudo-fertilizer is on the contrary, the fertilizer particle size is uneven and rough. According to the different production processes, there are roughly three types of particles for chemical fertilizers, one is irregular particles, and the other is oily. Generally, it is granulated by the drum and treated with surface coating technology to prevent moisture and slow release. Round particles, shiny and microporous, tower granulated and polished; there is also a round particle, matt, produced for blending methods or other processes. Hand a few times, if broken, and powder, indicating the production of fertilizer raw materials with high moisture content, easy to absorb moisture and agglomeration, hardness indicators failed. High-quality fertilizers have good hand feelings, especially the United States, diammonium phosphate. Grab a hand on the palm of your hand and hold it firmly for several times. A “oily feeling†is genuine. In addition, the use of fly ash as a phosphorus fertilizer, can also be judged by the hand, qualified chemical fertilizer particles often have a sense of transparency, indicating that the chemical reaction in the production process is complete, pure raw materials.
Nitrogen fertilizer except lime is black, almost all white or pale yellow, grayish white crystals or small particles, such as urea is a white pearl-like translucent small particles, ammonium bicarbonate is a white crystal. Phosphate fertilizers are non-crystalline and powdery. The colors are generally shades of gray or brown. For example, superphosphate is grayish white or porous, and calcium magnesium phosphate is a dark gray powder. In addition to potassium potash fertilizer potash, potassium and calcium fertilizers, other potash fertilizers are light yellow, brick red or white crystals, such as potassium sulfate and potassium chloride. In addition to potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the phosphorus-containing compound fertilizer is white, mostly dark gray or brown, but also add other components and red or green, phosphorus slightly gray and yellow in the quality of good, dark gray and dark content low.
2, odor fertilizer at room temperature there is a pungent smell of ammonia is ammonium bicarbonate; calcium carbide is lime; ammonium sulfate slightly sour; phosphate fertilizer is also slightly sour, containing 2% - 4% free acid were Quality products. The counterfeit fertilizer is not obvious smell or has a strong pungent sour taste, indicating that the free acid content is too high, it will seriously pollute the soil and poison crops.
3. Solubility In a beaker or glass, put a half cup of distilled water or cool boiled water, slowly pour a teaspoon of chemical fertilizer sample into the cup, stir it well, and wait for a while to observe its dissolution. Nitrogen fertilizer is not easily dissolved in water except lime nitrogen, and all other fertilizers can be dissolved in water. Potassium fertilizers can be dissolved in water except cellar ash potash fertilizer. Phosphate fertilizers are more complex and some of them are dissolved or completely insoluble. Compound fertilizers have high solubility due to the use of soluble phosphate fertilizers during their processing. The mixed fertilizer can be judged according to the form of phosphorus nutrient in the solubility. For example, all the phosphorus in the fertilizer is in the effective state, then the fertilizer has high solubility. For example, most of the phosphate fertilizer is soluble and has little solubility in water.
All dissolved in water are ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, urea, sodium nitrate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, potassium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the like. The vast majority of dissolved in water are superphosphate and heavy superphosphate (three phosphate fertilizers). Insoluble or mostly insoluble calcium, magnesium phosphate fertilizer, precipitated phosphate fertilizer, steel slag phosphate fertilizer, defluorinated phosphate fertilizer and phosphate rock powder. The vast majority are insoluble, and limestone nitrogen occurs when bubbles occur and can smell calcium carbide.
4. Hygroscopicity High-quality fertilizers are generally not easy to absorb moisture and agglomerate, but exposure to sunlight, moisture, and water may form lumps. They start to loose holes with small pieces, and they are broken by hand. The longer the storage time is, the harder the agglomeration is, and the pseudo-degradation fertilizer is. Hygroscopic agglomeration is more serious.
5, identify the burning in the coal stove or brazier iron or charcoal, iron bran red, the chemical fertilizer directly on a red iron plate, observe the burning, melting smoke, smoke and debris and other conditions .
It gradually dissolves and appears "boiling". It emits white smoke. It smells of ammonia and sour. There is residue. It is ammonium sulfate. Does not melt, directly sublimation or decomposition, white smoke is very strong, can smell ammonia and sour, no residue, is ammonium chloride. Does not melt, decomposes directly, produces a large amount of white smoke, has a strong ammonia smell, no residue is ammonium bicarbonate. Quickly dissolve into a liquid and take a white smoke. When the glass is in contact with white smoke, a layer of white crystals is attached to the glass. It has ammonia smell and is urea. Rapid melting, boiling, the end of the visible melting light, take a lot of white smoke, ammonia smell, firecracker flavor, is ammonium nitrate. When there is a Mars, increase the flame and help the combustion. The blue flame is blue with sodium silicate. The flaming flame is potassium nitrate. No change is still solid, but there is a crackling sound. Drop a small drop of water on the sample, and then put the iron piece on the fire to produce a purple flame. There is no ammonia smell. It is potassium sulfate or potassium chloride. Phosphate burning usually does not change, bone powder is quickly turned black, and the release of coke odor, there is phosphor produced by phosphate rock. If ammonia nitrogen or urea is present in the raw material of the compound fertilizer, it will melt rapidly when burned, will give off a strong pungent odor, and there will be a lot of residue, such as ammonium phosphate. If there is no ammonia nitrogen or urea in the raw materials of the compound fertilizer, the burning reaction is generally not easy to distinguish. For example, potassium diammonium phosphate does not melt when it is burned, and only cracking sounds. (Xuan Lianfang)
1. Color and Morphology High-quality chemical fertilizers have uniform grain size and specific gravity, as well as smooth surfaces and pure colors. Such as Russia produced three-element compound fertilizer (16-16-16) and the United States Diammonium phosphate. The pseudo-fertilizer is on the contrary, the fertilizer particle size is uneven and rough. According to the different production processes, there are roughly three types of particles for chemical fertilizers, one is irregular particles, and the other is oily. Generally, it is granulated by the drum and treated with surface coating technology to prevent moisture and slow release. Round particles, shiny and microporous, tower granulated and polished; there is also a round particle, matt, produced for blending methods or other processes. Hand a few times, if broken, and powder, indicating the production of fertilizer raw materials with high moisture content, easy to absorb moisture and agglomeration, hardness indicators failed. High-quality fertilizers have good hand feelings, especially the United States, diammonium phosphate. Grab a hand on the palm of your hand and hold it firmly for several times. A “oily feeling†is genuine. In addition, the use of fly ash as a phosphorus fertilizer, can also be judged by the hand, qualified chemical fertilizer particles often have a sense of transparency, indicating that the chemical reaction in the production process is complete, pure raw materials.
Nitrogen fertilizer except lime is black, almost all white or pale yellow, grayish white crystals or small particles, such as urea is a white pearl-like translucent small particles, ammonium bicarbonate is a white crystal. Phosphate fertilizers are non-crystalline and powdery. The colors are generally shades of gray or brown. For example, superphosphate is grayish white or porous, and calcium magnesium phosphate is a dark gray powder. In addition to potassium potash fertilizer potash, potassium and calcium fertilizers, other potash fertilizers are light yellow, brick red or white crystals, such as potassium sulfate and potassium chloride. In addition to potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the phosphorus-containing compound fertilizer is white, mostly dark gray or brown, but also add other components and red or green, phosphorus slightly gray and yellow in the quality of good, dark gray and dark content low.
2, odor fertilizer at room temperature there is a pungent smell of ammonia is ammonium bicarbonate; calcium carbide is lime; ammonium sulfate slightly sour; phosphate fertilizer is also slightly sour, containing 2% - 4% free acid were Quality products. The counterfeit fertilizer is not obvious smell or has a strong pungent sour taste, indicating that the free acid content is too high, it will seriously pollute the soil and poison crops.
3. Solubility In a beaker or glass, put a half cup of distilled water or cool boiled water, slowly pour a teaspoon of chemical fertilizer sample into the cup, stir it well, and wait for a while to observe its dissolution. Nitrogen fertilizer is not easily dissolved in water except lime nitrogen, and all other fertilizers can be dissolved in water. Potassium fertilizers can be dissolved in water except cellar ash potash fertilizer. Phosphate fertilizers are more complex and some of them are dissolved or completely insoluble. Compound fertilizers have high solubility due to the use of soluble phosphate fertilizers during their processing. The mixed fertilizer can be judged according to the form of phosphorus nutrient in the solubility. For example, all the phosphorus in the fertilizer is in the effective state, then the fertilizer has high solubility. For example, most of the phosphate fertilizer is soluble and has little solubility in water.
All dissolved in water are ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, urea, sodium nitrate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, potassium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the like. The vast majority of dissolved in water are superphosphate and heavy superphosphate (three phosphate fertilizers). Insoluble or mostly insoluble calcium, magnesium phosphate fertilizer, precipitated phosphate fertilizer, steel slag phosphate fertilizer, defluorinated phosphate fertilizer and phosphate rock powder. The vast majority are insoluble, and limestone nitrogen occurs when bubbles occur and can smell calcium carbide.
4. Hygroscopicity High-quality fertilizers are generally not easy to absorb moisture and agglomerate, but exposure to sunlight, moisture, and water may form lumps. They start to loose holes with small pieces, and they are broken by hand. The longer the storage time is, the harder the agglomeration is, and the pseudo-degradation fertilizer is. Hygroscopic agglomeration is more serious.
5, identify the burning in the coal stove or brazier iron or charcoal, iron bran red, the chemical fertilizer directly on a red iron plate, observe the burning, melting smoke, smoke and debris and other conditions .
It gradually dissolves and appears "boiling". It emits white smoke. It smells of ammonia and sour. There is residue. It is ammonium sulfate. Does not melt, directly sublimation or decomposition, white smoke is very strong, can smell ammonia and sour, no residue, is ammonium chloride. Does not melt, decomposes directly, produces a large amount of white smoke, has a strong ammonia smell, no residue is ammonium bicarbonate. Quickly dissolve into a liquid and take a white smoke. When the glass is in contact with white smoke, a layer of white crystals is attached to the glass. It has ammonia smell and is urea. Rapid melting, boiling, the end of the visible melting light, take a lot of white smoke, ammonia smell, firecracker flavor, is ammonium nitrate. When there is a Mars, increase the flame and help the combustion. The blue flame is blue with sodium silicate. The flaming flame is potassium nitrate. No change is still solid, but there is a crackling sound. Drop a small drop of water on the sample, and then put the iron piece on the fire to produce a purple flame. There is no ammonia smell. It is potassium sulfate or potassium chloride. Phosphate burning usually does not change, bone powder is quickly turned black, and the release of coke odor, there is phosphor produced by phosphate rock. If ammonia nitrogen or urea is present in the raw material of the compound fertilizer, it will melt rapidly when burned, will give off a strong pungent odor, and there will be a lot of residue, such as ammonium phosphate. If there is no ammonia nitrogen or urea in the raw materials of the compound fertilizer, the burning reaction is generally not easy to distinguish. For example, potassium diammonium phosphate does not melt when it is burned, and only cracking sounds. (Xuan Lianfang)
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