High-yield Cultivation Law and Fertilization Technology of Watermelon in Small Arch Shed

I. Fertility regulation of high-yield cultivation of watermelon in small arch shelter

Watermelons are hi-fertilizer crops and have a short growth period, but they require large amounts of fertilizer. The potassium uptake occurs during the whole growth period, followed by nitrogen and phosphorus. The absorption of N, P and K in different growth stages of watermelon is different.

1, seedling period. Watermelon from the true leaf to the heart of the five true leaf stage (planting period), about 30 days or so, this period of small vegetative growth, less absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, slow absorption phase for the fertilizer.

2, extension period. It takes about 15 to 20 days from the "tree" to the opening of the first female flower. The watermelon internode quickly expands, the leaf area increases, the root system basically forms, and the absorption capacity increases. It is a stage of gradual absorption of fertilizer and absorbs more nitrogen. Less potassium and less phosphorus.

3, flowering results. From the first female flower of the first flowering melon was open until the fruit matured, about 30-40 days, this period is the vegetative and reproductive growth of the watermelon at the same time, and the main shift from vegetative growth to reproductive growth is mainly for the rapid absorption of fertilizer. It is the peak season for the requirement of watermelon. The absorption of N, P and K accounts for about 85% of the total, of which the absorption during the expansion period is the highest, accounting for about 75%. The absorption of potassium is the most during flowering.

Second, high-yield cultivation and fertilization technology of watermelon in small arch shelter

1, the principle of fertilization. (1)Organic fertilizer is the main fertilizer supplement. The application of organic fertilizer can not only improve the soil structure, provide comprehensive nutrition, but also increase the watermelon sweetness to improve the quality of watermelon. Especially farmers are the best. (2) Appropriate application of nitrogen fertilizer, reapplying potassium fertilizer, and supplementing application of trace fertilizer. Nitrogen is an essential element for the growth of watermelons, but nitrogen is excessively applied, stems and leaves grow vigorously, stems are thick, leaves are enlarged, stems and leaves overlap, photosynthesis is weakened, and vegetative growth and reproductive growth are disordered, resulting in poor fruit set and affecting watermelon yield. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be appropriate. Potassium is the most important element in watermelon life. Potassium can promote the transport of photosynthate and improve the yield and quality of watermelon. Therefore, it is more important to increase potassium fertilizer in watermelon. (3) Appropriate amount of fertilization according to different stages and growth stages of watermelon, soil and climatic conditions.

2, fertilization technology. (1) The application of basal fertilizer generally accounts for 70% of the total amount of fertilizer used in watermelons. Soil with poor soil and poor fertility. Apply 5000-6000 kg of organic fertilizer per acre, 20 kg of urea, 20 kg of diammonium phosphate, 30 kg of potassium sulfate, and soil above medium fertility. Apply about 4,000 kg of organic fertilizer per acre. 15 kg, 15 kg of diammonium phosphate and 25 kg of potassium sulfate. Organic fertilizers were used for soil preparation. When ploughing, 2/3rd of the soil was applied for flooding, and 1/3 of the fertilizer was applied under the ridge when the fertilizer was used to open the pond. (2) Application of Top Dressing Watermelon Dressing should grasp the principle of lightly applying Miaofei, skillfully applying vine spread manure, and reusing swollen manure.

1 Miao Fei: The seedling stage can decide whether to top-dress and top-dress according to seedling growth and soil conditions. The soil is fertile, the amount of base fertilizer is large, and the seedlings grow vigorously, but it may not be chased, or topdressing once in 3-4 leaves, Mushi 10 kg of urea; soil barren, the amount of base fertilizer is less, melon seedling growth is poor, top dressing 2 times, the first time in the second leaf stage, urea 7-8 kg per mu, the second time in the group stage, acres of urea 10 kg.

Extension period: about 30 days after planting, when the vine grows to 70 cm, chase 1 vine spread fertilizer, which generally accounts for 30% of the total top dressing, mainly organic fertilizer, with appropriate application of quantitative fertilizer to promote plant growth and development. , so that the melon vines form a larger group, to lay a nutritional foundation for melons. The specific method is: 25 centimeters outside the root of the film, about 30 centimeters deep, 30 centimeters wide, fertilization ditch, 2000 kilograms of good quality manure in Mushi, 10 kilograms of urea, 10 kilograms of potassium sulfate, watering the soil, and extending the vine To apply early, extend the vine in the middle and late period is generally no longer top dressing, so as to avoid excessive growth of watermelon, affect the sitting melon.

3 squashing period: The squashing period is the peak period for the watermelon to be used for a lifetime, and it is also a critical period for topdressing. Swelling melon can promote fruit enlargement and increase the yield of watermelon. Phosphorus and potash fertilizers were the main types, and nitrogen fertilizers were properly controlled. The amount of fertilizer used accounted for 50% of the total amount of topdressing fertilizer, and it was applied in two separate batches. After 4-5 days of Xiehua, the size of the fruit eggs, 25 kg of Mushi sulfate, 15 kg of diammonium phosphate, 5 kg of urea, 15 days after Xiehua flower, the size of the fruit bowl mouth, and the second swelling of the melon fertilizer, per mu. 15-20 kg of diammonium phosphate, 10-15 kg of potassium sulfate, watering the hole.

4 outside the top-dressing watermelon in the late growth period if the melons appear yellow, premature aging phenomenon, can be sprayed with 0.20% -0.30% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 0.30% -0.40% Fulibao, to quickly add nutrition.

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