Comprehensive Prevention of Wheat and Weeds in Wheat Field

Aegilops tauschii is a worldwide weedy weed. In 1996, wheat was first seen in Wei County, and then increased year after year. It was generally 5 to 10 plants per square meter, and the highest was 28 plants per square meter. The weeds often occur in high-water-fertilized wheat fields. Due to their strong adaptability, large amount of breeding, and inadequate control, coupled with improper management of the seeds, the occurrence area of ​​the festivals of wheat is continuously expanding and the hazards are gradually increasing, which seriously affects the safety of wheat production.

First, the occurrence of characteristics First, the emergence of different depths. According to a survey in Daejeon, seed germination and emergence of Aegilops tauschii mainly concentrated in soil layers of 3 to 8 cm. The second is the long emergence period. There are two main periods in the emergence of node wheat in winter wheat fields: the emergence period in autumn, mainly 15 to 20 days after the sowing of wheat, and the peak of emergence before winter from late October to mid-November, and the total number of weeds that emerged during the period 70%; from late February to March of the following year, there are still some emergence. The third is wintering seedlings or seeds. Aegilops cerevisiae mainly winters seedlings in winter wheat fields and can also winterize seeds. Births occur in the autumn before the start of Ophiopogon japonicus, usually 3 to 4 tillers, more than 10 more. Both tiller seedlings and individual seedlings can survive winters and rarely die. After the temperature rises in the spring of the following year, the unemerged seeds can also emerge and the wintering seedlings can produce tillers. Main stems and tillers are generally capable of heading and seeding. The fourth is strong vitality. Jijiemai has a strong ability to deliver and thrive. According to the survey, the spring season wheat generally has 10 to 20 tillers per plant, with a maximum of 36 tillers per plant. And the amount of wheat grown with the increase of water and fertilizer conditions.

Second, the reasons for the occurrence of 1 wheat harvester long-distance cross-regional operations is the important medium of wheat propagation. 2 When new varieties are replaced, new weed seeds will inevitably invade and spread. Before 1996, the wheat was extremely rare in the local wheat fields, and was later spread and propagated due to the introduction and planting of a large number of wheat from the area of ​​the festival. 3 Extensive farming systems have also aggravated the occurrence of sectioned wheat to some extent. Locally, it is wheat-maize two-cooked crops, and the grain fields rarely rotate with other crops. After wheat is harvested, no-tillage stubble is planted to grow corn, and most of the seeds of Aejandos are scattered on the surface. After the autumn harvest, machine ploughing was generally used. Because the plough layer was shallow and rarely deep-turned, the seeds of Aegilops tauschii were mostly distributed on the shallow surface of the soil, which provided a good ecological environment for its emergence. In addition, when we control, we only prevent weeds in the field, and we do not prevent weeds on the fields, streams, roads, and weeds. After the maturation of mature wheat, winds, shallow irrigation, etc. invade the farmland. In addition, when many farmers are pulling out at the later stage, the festival wheat has basically matured, and the festivals of wheat are piled up at the edge of the fields, the land and the road side, and the grass seeds continue to flow into Daejeon after they mature. 4 Reintroducing farmland with unripe farmyard fertilizers. Some farmers directly pour the seeds of Aegilops tauschii that have been cleaned out of the grain of grain into poultry, livestock, pigs, sheep, chickens, or poultry and livestock with unprocessed crushed Aegilops tauschii seeds. The decomposed farmyard manure contains grass seeds of amygdalus. The five-seedling wheat seeds were able to grow over the summer and continue to accumulate, adding to the damage. The seeds of Aegilops tauschii are naturally exfoliated into the soil after they ripen, and they stay alive during the summer. Seeds of 20 to 30 seeds per panicle, the natural shedding rate of 80% in the field, the natural emergence rate after summer is 65%, from sporadic to serious damage only after 2 to 3 years. 6 The long-term use of single herbicide species has led to the evolution of wheat field weed communities. The main weeds in the local wheat field are the broad-leaved weeds such as sowing wormwood and celery, and the long-term use of herbicides such as tribenuron-methyl, which makes the original early grasses controlled, resulting in the secondary miscellaneous crops of grasses and weeds. Grass rises as the main weed and becomes a vicious weed in local wheat fields.

III. Prevention and Control Techniques According to the hazard characteristics and prevention and control practices of wheat in the wheat field, we must implement the principle of “prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control” in prevention and control, and actively promote comprehensive prevention and control measures such as pre-winter chemical weeding techniques.

1. Agricultural control measures.

1 Select wheat seeds to prevent seed transmission. In order to control the spread of wheat, seeds must be strictly observed. Transporting seeds must be subject to quarantine. All seeds mixed with Aegilops corn must be carefully selected to prevent areas where grass seed infection has not occurred. Self-seeded seeds are also selected.

2 Play an eco-inhibitory role in wheat fields. Wheatgrass and wheatgrass are the laws governing the competition between weeds and crops. Therefore, reasonable and dense planting, scientific fertilization, and the use of seedlings to achieve seedling growth, and the formation of wheat field populations, can play an ecologically effective role in suppressing grass. Effect.

3 manual removal. In conjunction with the management of the wheat field, the removal of the wheat before maturation is performed. Pull out in a timely manner, the size of pull together, leaving no trouble. Unplugged section of wheat must be brought out of the field, sun dried and crushed, concentrated burned. At the same time, the weeds in the Tianqu ditches should be removed to reduce the spread of the source.

4 Put down the field after the organic fertilizer is ripe. Wheat husks, livestock and poultry must be composted, fermented and decomposed before being applied to farmland, and livestock and poultry feed must be crushed to make grass seeds lose their vitality.

2. Chemical control technology. Before winter wheat is over, after the weeds are released, use 3% Shima oil suspoemulsion (methylsulfuron-methyl) 20 to 30 ml and auxiliary mixin 60 ml to control 30 kg of water spray per acre. The effect is best, most of the weeds have been excavated, the weeds are young, the drug resistance is weak, the temperature is high, the medicine can fully exert its efficacy, and the coverage of the wheat field is small. The spraying liquid and the weeds have large contact surfaces. Helps weeds absorb more chemicals and ensure weeding. Can also be spring before the return of green wheat before jointing, per acre with 3% of the Sema oil suspoemulsion 30 ml plus auxiliary mix 60 ml of water spray 30 to 40 kg, but the control effect and safety is not as good as autumn and winter defense, promote Manually removed.

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