Sclerotinia is a disease that occurs widely in stem lettuce and is a serious hazard. It has a great impact on the yield and quality and should be taken seriously. The following describes the symptoms of the disease, the law of occurrence and prevention and control measures.
Injury symptoms. The disease started from the base of the stem, and formed a brown water-stained lesion initially. It gradually spread upward to the stem and down to the root, and the color turned dark brown. After the disease became soft, it gradually rotted. In severe cases, the whole plant wilted and died. In the wet conditions, the surface of the first cotton-like hyphae grow white, and then assembled into a group, turn grayish brown to black, and finally showed an irregular shape attached to the surface of the diseased rat, that is called "sclerotia."
Occurrence of law. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is caused by a fungus called Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The host of the bacteria is many. Except for lettuce, cruciferous, solanaceous, leguminous and melon, carrot and other vegetables can be damaged. . When the temperature and humidity conditions are appropriate in the spring, the sclerotia germinates astigmatic spores, which are transmitted through the senescent tissues or wounds of the plants with the airflow or wind and rain. The hyphae parasitize and secrete hydrolytic enzymes in the tissues to disintegrate host cells and organize soft rot. The mycelium produced by the Minister of Disease can also infect adjacent plants through contact. The average temperature of about 20 °C, relative humidity greater than 85%, the most suitable disease; years of continuous cropping, low-lying terrain, planting too dense, partial Application of nitrogen fertilizer can make the disease worse.
Prevention. (1) Selection of disease-resistant varieties. Such as red lettuce, hanging red silk, red leaf, etc., and from the disease-free strains, seed, mixed with sclerotia seeds, can be used sieve method or 10% salt water immersed in dismantling, clean water after sowing.
(2) Strengthen field disease management. Such as rice rotation, soil disinfection, to cut off, reduce the source of bacteria; do a good job before the broadcast of the Qingyuan, sowing the soil, fine-leveling the plane, in order to facilitate wet irrigation row; diligent weed removal, timely removal of disease, disabled, old Leaf, to facilitate air ventilation; found that the diseased plants immediately removed, and scattered a small amount of lime; rational use of fertilizers to prevent partial application, re-application of available nitrogen fertilizer, appropriate application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.
(3) Do a good job of chemical control in time. At the beginning of the disease, 50% carbendazim WP can be used 600-800 times per mu (666.7 m2), or 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 800-1000 times, or 50% acetaminophen WP 1000 can be used. -1500 times liquid, or 50% fast-inking WP 1500 times or 40% WP wettable powder 1000 times, or 40% sclerotium net wettable powder 1000 times 50-60 kg spray. Generally sprayed once every 7-10 days, sprayed 2-3 times continuously.
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