The hedgehog is a rare and valuable wild animal with significant economic potential. Its skin, known as "fragrant and immortal skin," has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries. The heart, brain, liver, gallbladder, kidneys, and fat of the hedgehog are all used in herbal remedies, offering detoxifying, phlegm-reducing, pain-relieving, and hemostatic properties. Additionally, its meat is considered a delicacy and a rare game. With low feeding costs and high profitability, hedgehog farming has become an effective way to lift people out of poverty.
Hedgehogs are naturally shy and easily startled, preferring to be active at night. They are fast growers, have strong reproductive abilities, and are adaptable to various environments. Their diet is diverse, and they can thrive on minimal food, making them easy to manage. This makes them ideal candidates for small-scale breeding operations.
For housing, it's best to build sheds in quiet areas of a courtyard or use existing structures like old houses with open spaces. A 10-15 square meter enclosure made of bricks or stones is sufficient. The walls should be around 0.8 to 1.0 meters high, and the interior should include soft straw for nesting. Outside, create a yard with mounds, stones, and straw to provide space for the hedgehogs to move and hide.
Breeding typically begins when hedgehogs are between 2 and 4 years old. They come into heat from April to May, and after mating, the female will show signs of pregnancy such as increased weight and a swollen perineum. After about 60 days, she will give birth to 4 to 8 offspring. Newborns weigh around 15 grams and grow rapidly, reaching 350 grams by three months. During this period, careful management and proper nutrition are essential.
Hedgehogs are nocturnal, so the best time to catch them is during early morning or evening. Once captured, they adapt quickly to new environments. Their diet includes both animal and plant-based foods, such as insects, fish, grains, fruits, and vegetables. Initially, their diet should consist mostly of animal protein, gradually transitioning to more plant-based feed. Feeding amounts vary depending on their weight, and fresh, varied food is crucial to prevent aggression among individuals.
Hedgehogs are generally disease-resistant, but maintaining clean living conditions and regular deworming is important. It's recommended to administer deworming medication every two months and add antibiotics to their food occasionally to prevent digestive issues. Providing a calm, quiet environment also helps reduce stress and improve overall health.
With proper care and management, hedgehog farming can be a sustainable and profitable venture for rural communities.
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