Mastitis in rabbits is a common condition characterized by inflammation of the mammary glands. The primary signs include redness, swelling, and tenderness in the affected area. In severe cases, the breasts may turn blue or purple due to poor blood circulation. This condition typically occurs in lactating female rabbits around 20 days after giving birth.
The main causes of rabbit mastitis are often linked to improper feeding and management practices. First, overfeeding during pregnancy or shortly after birth can lead to excessive milk production that the doe cannot fully drain, causing milk stasis. Second, if a doe has insufficient milk, her kits may nibble or bite the nipples, introducing bacteria and leading to infection. Third, physical trauma from sharp objects in the cage, such as glass shards, wire, or wood splinters, can also damage the mammary tissue and result in infection.
Clinically, affected rabbits show symptoms like swollen, warm, and painful breasts. The skin color may change from red to dark purple, and abscesses may form if left untreated. Body temperature can rise to about 41°C, and the rabbit may lose its appetite, refuse to nurse, and become lethargic. If not treated promptly, sepsis can develop, which can be fatal.
Prevention is key in managing mastitis. During pregnancy, it's important to regulate feed intake to avoid excessive milk production after birth. Postpartum does should have their green and juicy feeds reduced, water limited, and given high-quality dry forage. For does with low milk supply, adding nutrients like bean juice or milk supplements can help. Maintaining clean living conditions, removing sharp objects, and ensuring smooth cage entrances can prevent injuries. Regular cleaning and disinfection of the environment are also essential.
Treatment depends on the stage of the condition. In the early stages, applying cold compresses for 15 minutes several times a day can reduce swelling. After 24 hours, warm compresses with 40°C water can help loosen milk, followed by gentle massage with a 10% ointment. A peppermint bath at the same temperature for 15-20 minutes, repeated 3-4 times daily, can also soothe the area. Herbal remedies like dandelion, mint, and reed rhizome can be used as a decoction for a few days. Wiping the affected area with fresh mint oil can speed up recovery.
For hard, non-purulent swellings, local injections of procaine and penicillin can be administered near the base of the breast. This treatment should be done every two days for 2-3 sessions.
If an abscess forms, the area must first be disinfected with iodine. A longitudinal incision is made to drain the pus, and the wound should be flushed with 3% hydrogen peroxide. Penicillin should be injected directly into the abscess cavity, along with intramuscular injections. Antibiotics like sulfonamides may be used to prevent sepsis, but they should be avoided in breeding females. Early detection and intervention are crucial to avoid serious complications.
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