The semi-precision sowing technique of winter wheat is a cultivation technique with high yield, stable yield, low consumption and good production efficiency. The main content is to change the large amount of broadcast to a reasonable amount of broadcast, change the broadcast to the machine broadcast, change the early broadcast, the late broadcast to the appropriate sowing, change the shallow tillage to the appropriate deep tillage, change the wheat inferior seeds, mixed seeds to the good seeds, pure seeds, Change the single control of underground pests as a comprehensive control of pests and diseases, adhere to the principle of fertilization supplemented by farmyard manure and supplemented by chemical fertilizers, apply sufficient fertilizer, apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, supplement micro-fertilizer, pay attention to straw returning to the field; Improve the quality of the land preparation and sowing, ensure the whole seedling, and cultivate strong seedlings.
1. Fertilize the soil. The implementation of fine sowing and semi-precision techniques must be based on high soil fertility and good soil, fertilizer and water conditions.
2. Choose good varieties. It is suitable for high-yield cultivation with high tillering rate, high yield per plant, lodging resistance, compact plant type, strong photosynthetic capacity, good yellowing, disease resistance and good resistance. Such as short anti-58, Zheng Mai 366, Zhou Mai 16, Zhou Mai 18, etc. can be semi-precision sowing.
3. Fine land preparation . (1) Apply enough base fertilizer. The base fertilizer should be combined with organic fertilizer, straw returning, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to fertilize the soil and meet the nutrient requirements of wheat during each growth period. (2) Deepen the ploughing. Appropriately deepen the plough layer, break the bottom layer of the plough and deepen the living layer. The whole land requires the ground to be level, less sloppy, and the soil is loose.
4. Soil treatment should be carried out on the ground pests and mesozoites in a mixed or separate manner. Before the plow, the soil should be treated with chemicals. The soil should be treated with 3% methyl isoflavone granules or 3% phoxim granules 2.5 to 3 kg per acre. The soil is 20 to 25 kilograms. After being scattered on the surface, it is ploughed into the soil. The total eclipse area can be used with carbendazim or methyl thiophanate 2.5 kg per acre, 15 kg of soil, and applied before plowing.
5. The foot is planted at a suitable time.
(1) In the mixed area of ​​pests and diseases, mix the seed dressing technology with fungicides and insecticides, and count the amount of each, first mix the insecticide to dry and mix the fungicide.
(2) On the basis of rumors, seeds with large grains, strong vitality and high germination rate are used for seed production. The implementation of machine-based broadcasting requires uniform, deep and shallow, and improved seeding quality. The general sowing depth is 3~5cm.
(3) Seeding date: The average winter temperature is 16~14°C, sowing half-winter varieties. From sowing to wintering, it is better to have a accumulated temperature of 650 °C above 0 °C. Generally, the suitable sowing date for semi-winter varieties is October 5-15, and the suitable sowing period for weak spring varieties is October 15-25 (5).
(4) The amount of seeding should be based on the principle of ensuring a certain number of basic seedlings, number of tillers before winter, maximum number of tillers after years, and number of ears per mu. Generally, the basic number of seedlings for semi-winter varieties is 16-180,000, and the number of basic seedlings for weak spring varieties is 18-200,000.
(5) Investigate and replant seedlings in time after emergence of wheat. Replanting should be based on this variety.
The automatic biochemical analyzer is an instrument that measures a specific chemical composition in body fluids according to the principle of photoelectric colorimetry. Due to its fast measurement speed, high accuracy and small consumption of reagents, it has been widely used in hospitals, epidemic prevention stations and family planning service stations at all levels. The combined use can greatly improve the efficiency and benefits of routine biochemical testing.
principle
The automatic analyzer is to automatically run all or part of the steps of sampling, mixing, warm bath (37°C) detection, result calculation, judgment, display and printing results and cleaning in the original manual operation process. Today, biochemical tests are basically automated analysis, and there are fully automatic biochemical analysis systems designed for large or very large clinical laboratories and commercial laboratories, which can be arbitrarily configured according to the laboratory's testing volume.
Whether it is the fastest-running (9600Test/h) modular fully automatic biochemical analyzer today, or the original manual-operated photoelectric colorimeter for colorimetry, the principle is the use of absorption spectroscopy in spectroscopic technology. It is the most basic core of the biochemical instrument.
Optical system: is a key part of ACA. Older ACA systems used halogen tungsten lamps, lenses, color filters, and photocell assemblies. The optical part of the new ACA system has been greatly improved. ACA's beam splitting system can be divided into front splitting and rear splitting due to different light positions. The advanced optical components use a set of lenses between the light source and the cuvette to convert the original light source. The light projected by the lamp passes through the cuvette to bring the beam to the speed of light (unlike traditional wedge beams), so that the spot beam can pass through even the smallest cuvette. Compared with traditional methods, it can save reagent consumption by 40-60%. After the spot beam passes through the cuvette, the spot beam is restored to the original beam through this group of restoration lenses (wide difference correction system), and is divided into several fixed wavelengths (about 10 or more wavelengths) by the grating. The optical/digital signal direct conversion technology is used to directly convert the optical signal in the optical path into a digital signal. It completely eliminates the interference of electromagnetic waves to the signal and the attenuation in the process of signal transmission. At the same time, the optical fiber is used in the signal transmission process, so that the signal can achieve no attenuation, and the test accuracy is improved by nearly 100 times. The closed combination of the optical path system makes the optical path without any maintenance, and the light splitting is accurate and the service life is long.
Constant temperature system: Since the temperature of the biochemical reaction has a great influence on the reaction results, the sensitivity and accuracy of the constant temperature system directly affect the measurement results. The early biochemical instruments used the method of air bath, and later developed into a dry bath with constant temperature liquid circulation which combines the advantages of dry air bath and water bath. The principle is to design a constant temperature tank around the cuvette, and add a stable constant temperature liquid that is odorless, non-polluting, non-evaporating and non-deteriorating in the tank. The constant temperature liquid has a large capacity, good thermal stability and uniformity. The cuvette does not directly contact the constant temperature liquid, which overcomes the characteristics of the water bath type constant temperature being susceptible to pollution and the uneven and unstable air bath.
Sample reaction stirring technology and probe technology: The traditional reaction stirring technology adopts magnetic bead type and vortex stirring type. The current popular stirring technology is a stirring unit composed of multiple groups of stirring rods that imitate the manual cleaning process. When the first group of stirring rods is stirring the sample/reagent or mixed solution, the second group of stirring rods performs high-speed and high-efficiency cleaning at the same time. The set of stirring bars also undergoes a warm water washing and air drying process at the same time. In the design of a single stirring rod, a new type of spiral high-speed rotating stirring is adopted, and the rotation direction is opposite to the spiral direction, thereby increasing the stirring force, the stirred liquid does not foam, and reducing the scattering of light by microbubbles. Reagent and sample probes are based on the principle of early capacitive sensing, but slightly improved to increase the alarm of blood clots and protein clots, and re-test results according to the alarm level, reducing sample aspiration errors and improving the reliability of test results. . Large-scale biochemical instruments can detect more than 1,000 tests per hour, so automatic retesting is very important. Subjective evaluation of test results and manual retesting can no longer meet clinical needs.
Other aspects: barcode recognition of reagents and samples and computer login. Due to the lack of barcode recognition function of early biochemical instruments, there are more opportunities for errors. In recent years, both imported and domestic chemical instruments have adopted barcode detection. The use of this technology in biochemical instruments has provided technical support for the development of high-speed ACA, and also made the instrument quite supportive. The software development is simple and easy, therefore, barcode detection is the basis for the intelligence of the instrument. Open reagents, as an important factor for hospitals to choose models, whether the instrument supports open reagents is very important. After the reagents are opened, hospitals and scientific research units can choose their own reagent suppliers, and have a greater degree of freedom in measuring the price, the reliability of the test results, and the validity period of the reagents. Ion Selective Electrode Analysis Accessory (ISE), human serum and urine electrolyte indicators are very important, and hospitals can save money by adding ISE to the ACA system.
Bio Chemistry Analyzer, Clinical Chemistry Analyzer, Blood Chemistry Analyzer,Urine Chemistry Analyzer
Jilin Sinoscience Technology Co. LTD , https://www.jlgkscience.com