(I) The nature and variation of wheat seeds
Wheat is a kind of seed that is not hi and happy. Therefore, it should be placed in a shaded ventilated place when stored for a long time. The law of change is to sweat first and then grow white spots. If the sun does not turn over soon, it will turn into white mycelium and eventually it will turn black and cannot be used as a seed.
(II) Storage Technology
Wheat seeds are easier to store, but more summer storage of wheat should be checked. Wheat has high hygroscopicity and thin grain and loose tissue. Generally, red and hard wheat have poor hygroscopicity compared with white and soft wheat. Therefore, wheat with a safe water content below 12% can maintain seed viability for a longer period of time. Wheat seeds are stored in both loose and bag storage. When stored in bulk, it is stored in a low-temperature sealed gland. When the bag is stored, the water content of the seed is reduced to below the safe moisture content. Regular inspections are strengthened to prevent insects and rodents. Before entering the warehouse in summer or autumn, they must be screened once, and the warehouse should be inverted once in the beginning of autumn to ensure the quality of seeds.
Second, corn
(A) The nature and variation of corn seed
Maize is a large-grained, large-embryo seed, which accounts for more than 30% of the volume of the thermostable embryo and accounts for 10% to 12% of the grain weight. Because the large seed embryos are vigorously breathing, they are under the same moisture and temperature conditions. Compared to other cereal seeds, the respiration intensity is greater, so the corn seeds are prone to heat and cause the seeds to deteriorate. Corn seed fat content is 4% to 5%, while embryo fat content accounts for 77% to 89% of the grain. Therefore, high temperatures easily generate free fatty acids and rancidity, thus affecting seed viability. In addition, the corn seed embryos also contain more soluble sugars, and the seed coats are thin, so they are susceptible to mildew and cause seed deterioration.
The law of change is that the seeds of the first step after the moisture absorption of the corn seed are swollen, the color is shiny, and the embryonic part forms blisters. However, it is generally not easy to see that the second step of the moistening of the sweat embryos is to hang the ash mycelia. The third step is to smell the smell of alcohol. If the climate is not normal, the fever will occur after three or four days. The embryo becomes pale yellow and the hyphae hanging on the embryo appear green, which has affected the value of planting. If not, In a timely manner, after three or four days, the embryo becomes green or black, and the entire seed becomes black and loses its use value.
(II) Storage Technology
According to the nature of corn seed and its changing law, its storage method usually adopts the ear storage method and the grain storage method. However, the ear storage method occupies a large volume and has a low utilization rate. Therefore, the grain storage method is often used for summer storage. When the general temperature is between 15°C and 25°C, the water content must be below 14%. According to the test, the moisture content of the corn seed was reduced to 12.5%, and the viability of the seed stored for 0.5 to 1.5 years was up to 99% and the germination rate was 97% to 98%. The most effective measure to reduce seed moisture is ventilation. Because the air has a certain heat transfer and moisture carrying capacity, ventilation can reduce the temperature and moisture of seeds, and improve the stability of seed storage.
Regular inspections are done with three temperatures and two wets to keep the seeds in good condition. The three temperatures are temperature, storage temperature, and seed temperature. In general, the main factor affecting the change of seed temperature is the storage temperature, and the temperature that affects the change of storage temperature is again. When the temperature is low and the seed temperature is high, the exhaust fan can be started in the early morning to cause negative pressure in the chamber. Cold air enters the seed heap from the vent. Reduces seed temperature while also lowering seed moisture content. Two wet that is wet and wet. The humidity level of the bin is closely related to the moisture content of the seed. The moisture absorption and the dispersal of the seed under a certain temperature condition depend on the relative humidity in the bin. The wet conditions are also affected by the wetness. Therefore, according to the law of change of temperature and humidity, rational ventilation or closed storage, maintaining a low temperature and humidity, so that the seeds can be in a low temperature, dry environment can extend the life of the seed. Low temperature drying is the basic condition to maintain the good germination rate of the seeds.
Third, pest control, rat prevention
(a) pest control
Insect pest control is a major challenge for seed storage in the summer. The main insects that damage the seeds are rice-eclipse, Dagu thief, small grain plunder, wheat moth, and whiteflies. Most of the worms prefer to grow and reproduce in warm and humid places. Therefore, it is possible to control the larvae by reducing the temperature and humidity in the shack. occur. Most of the houseworms have a habit of preferring to act on the top surface. According to this feature, spot checks can be set on the seed surface. When the seeds are infected with worms, they should be fumigated with high concentrations of dichlorvos according to the type and severity of the worms, ie, the old burlap covers the surface of the seeds, and 80% of the dichlorvos are sprayed at a volume of 100-200 mg per cubic meter of space. In the face. You can also use poison baits to seduce, that is, the fried wheat bran sprayed with 5% of dichlorvos or 10% trichlorfon sun dried, placed on the surface of the seed and the surrounding activities of the insects often active, can effectively kill pests. In addition, fumigation with aluminum phosphide before seed storage, the amount of 1.5g / square meter, sealed after smoking for 36 to 72 hours, and then ventilated and scattered poison, but also can play a role in the prevention of pests.
(b) Preventing rats
Rat poison baits can be placed in places where mice are often active and replaced regularly. Check the rodent regularly to ensure that the seeds are not damaged.
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