The density of hybrid cotton is too thin, and its yield and quality are reduced. In the past ten years since hybrid cotton was popularized and applied, the planting density in Hubei Province (similar to other provinces) in the Yangtze River Valley decreased from 2,690 per acre in 1997 to 1,590 per acre in 2007, a decrease of 40.91%. . Excessive planting density has brought about three adverse effects on cotton production.
(1) Waste of resources and increased investment. Due to the excessively thin planting density of hybrid cotton, on the one hand, land, light and heat resources in the middle and early stages of the cotton field are wasted; on the other hand, increasing individual cotton plants by increasing chemical fertilizers increases investment in cotton production. According to the analysis of hundreds of rural households, the input of fertilizer per hectare of cotton rose from 3217.5 yuan in 1997 to 4158.0 yuan in 2004, with an increase of 940.5 yuan, an increase of 22.6%.
(2) Sparse plantings increase risk. The cotton sparse plant mainly depends on the individual advantage of the cotton plant, and the number of plants per plant is relatively large, but the total number of peaches per unit area is relatively reduced. In the event of a natural disaster, it is easy to cause a significant reduction in cotton production. For example, in 2003 compared to 1997, the planting density decreased by 10,515 plants per hectare and the number of peaches per plant increased by 6.12, but the hectares of peaches decreased by 167,000, and the hectares of lint yield decreased by 294 kg. The density is too thin, and the advantage of individual plants cannot make up for the lack of population.
(3)Autumn peaches increase in quality. Most of the rare-planted cotton were concentrated in the upper fruit branch and the outer fruit section, and the proportion of autumn peaches increased, and the high-quality and high-yield bolls decreased. From 2002 to 2004, sampling and monitoring were conducted on the quality of 18 hybrid cotton varieties with large planting areas in 10 concentrated cotton producing counties (cities, districts). The results showed that the cotton bolls in the middle (7 to 12 fruit branches) were higher than those in the middle (13). Above fruit branch) Boll single boll weight increased by 0.4g, with a 0.86% increase in lint percentage, a long fiber length of 0.73mm, and a specific strength of 1.46CNtex-1. With the increase of thin autumn peaches, the fiber quality is bound to decline. Since the promotion of hybrid cotton in the Yangtze River Valley, the planting density of cotton fields has been continuously decreasing, from 1800 acres to 1,000. Some fields have a density of less than 1,000 acres. Although high yields can be obtained under fine management, large fertilizers, and good weather conditions, the stability of production is poor and high investment is required. In the context of rising agricultural prices, reductions in cotton farmers' inputs and natural disasters, production fell.
To increase the yield and quality of hybrid cotton, it is necessary to increase the planting density of hybrid cotton. Under the premise of raising the yield of insect-resistant hybrid cotton, the core strategy of cotton field management is to increase the density, reduce nitrogen and potassium, and rationalize the adjustment. Promote organic fertilizer application, soil testing and formula fertilization, nitrogen fertilizer and compound fertilizer promote the use of controlled-release fertilizer, increase the amount of potassium fertilizer, while increasing the density to prevent cotton growth, resulting in the lower part of the bell drop and rotten peach, improve the group's photosynthetic Performance and the amount of bells, relying on groups to increase yields.
1. Standard cotton field planting methods and reasonable planting arrangements
Specification cotton planting density in Hubei Province 1800-2000 plants/mu; 100cm37cm, that is row spacing 100cm, plant spacing 37cm, 1800 acres, 100cm33cm, row spacing 100cm, plant spacing 33cm, density 2000, or 110cm34cm, row spacing 110cm, plant spacing 34cm, Mu density 1800, 110cm30cm, that row spacing 110cm, 30cm spacing, 2000 mu density. The key to densification is to control the spacing of the rows when the row spacing is fixed. If necessary, draw the rope to mark the hole and transplant.
2. Selected varieties, timely sowing, timely cultivation, strong seedlings
The insect resistant hybrid cotton varieties that passed the national examination and were suitable for cultivation in Hubei Province or Hubei Province were selected. Early sowing and cultivation of strong seedlings. Wheat transplanting in late March - early April, after oil transplanting on April 20 about sowing, nursery management according to "cotton nutrition seedlings transplanting high quality and high yield cultivation techniques" (DB42/T227) implementation.
3ã€Reducing Nitrogen and Potassium, Stabilizing Phosphorus and Supplementing Organic Fertilizer
According to the principle of “reducing nitrogen, increasing potassium, stabilizing phosphorus, and supplementing micro-organismsâ€, organic fertilizers should be added, nitrogen fertilizers should be properly moved backwards, and flower and boll fertilizers should be used twice, and balanced fertilizer should be applied.
Medium-sized cotton fields, Mushi pure nitrogen 20-25kg, P2O5 10kg, K2O15-20kg, pure boron 40-50 grams, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:0.4-0.5:0.8.
Nitrogen fertilizer accounted for 5% of seedlings, 25% of buds, 50% of flowers and bells, and 20% of top dressings. Potassium fertilizer and topdressing accounted for 50% each, and phosphate fertilizers were all used as base fertilizers.
4, the entire process
The tone follows the principle of “being light and heavy, with a small number of timesâ€. In terms of methods, it is necessary to apply “seeing seedlings, watching heaven, and looking at the earthâ€. Seedlings of poor growth potential of the cotton seedlings, can be used 60,000 times "love Mite" spray to promote the growth of cotton seedlings. During the bud period, 7-8 true leaves and 12-14 true leaves were sprayed with Diclocamine 0.5g and 1g watered 15kg. The flowering and bolling stage is on the 15-16th layer of the fruit branch, and the water is sprayed on the foliar and fruiting branch growth points with dilute amine 1.5-2g watered 30-40kg. 7-10 days after topping, the spray was sprayed with 2.5-3 g of metronidylamine to seal the top. The whole fertility period, the amount of PMMA is about 8g.
5. Safe use of herbicides
The time required for weed removal is early and the effect is better. 1. Transplanting field herbicides recommended 74.4% glyphosate (peasant), 41% glyphosate (Nongda, Nongwang, Jiafulai, etc.), 12% glyphosate (times) (pock)) and 10% sodium glyphosate. Dosage: 141% glyphosate solution (Nongda, Nongwang, Jiafulai, etc.) Generally 200ml per acre, watered 30kg, for tall and perennial perennial weeds, such as Cyperus rotundus, Imperata cylindrica, Ai High, The amount of mu can be increased to 300-400ml, and the amount of watered can not change; 274.4% glyphosate water (farmer's music) is 75-125ml/mu, watered 30kg; 312% glyphosate water (when pulling) 1000-1500ml per acre, watered 30kg.
For grass control, 50% acetochlor is recommended, followed by alachlor, butachlor, and metolachlor. 150% Acetochlor EC 80-100ml/Mu, watered 15kg; 28% Alachlor EC 120-150ml/Mu, watered 15kg; 360% Butachlor water emulsion 60-90ml/Mu, watered 15kg; 472 % Metolachlor 60-90ml/Mu, watered 15kg. How to use: Prior to transplanting cotton, the pre-harvested fields such as rapeseeds after harvesting and the winter-free fields should be sprayed with water according to the actual area and weeds situation. The upper limit doses listed for the taller, preheated weeds should be used. Small holes should be used for spraying, because the fine mist liquid has high adhesiveness, it is not easy to lose, and the weeding effect is good. After the cotton is transplanted, the weeds will fade to brown, and the grass can be sprayed with 50% acetochlor or 48% alachlor, 6% butachlor, and 72% isopropamide. The time for grass control can be up to 50 days. .
The use of herbicides in the middle and late cotton growth stages is based on two sub-patterns, depending on the circumstances: 1 41% glyphosate can be used (such as Roundup, Nongwang, Jiafulai, etc.) or 10% amine salt type glyphosate water. Control of weeds in mixed grassy fields of leaf grass and sharpleaf; 2 Available dilute blister, clethodim (higher temperatures in mid-fertility, relatively good effects of trichomondine and clethodim among weeds in row) or fine grass Herbicides such as canola herb can prevent sharpleaf. Glyphosate weeding (leaved broadleaf, mixed with grass). The use of dose: 141% glyphosate 100-200ml water per acre dosage watered 30?; 21% amine salt glyphosate water dosage 1000ml per acre, watered 30kg spray. How to use: From the end of June to July, when the height of cotton seedlings reaches 30cm or more, cover with directional spray, or spray with a 1100-015 fan-shaped nozzle. Weeding herbicides for grass weeds. Dosage and method used: 120% dilute carbendazim (acquired net) 10ml per acre, watered 15kg spray; 274% clethodim (Selot) 5ml per acre, watered 15kg spray; 312.5% ​​efficient cover Grass can be used 7ml per acre, watered 15kg; 45% fine alum grass Grams 5ml per acre, watered 15kg; 515% fine steady kill per acre dosage 10ml, watered 15kg; 66.9% Weiba acre dosage 5ml, watered 15kg.
6, cultivator soil, flood control
Strengthen cultivating soil in cultivator to loosen soil, increase ground temperature, maintain lyricism, and prevent lodging. In mid-April, the cotton line was trimmed, so that the soil was loosened and covered with plastic film. In the bud stage, we must promptly do a good job of cultivating loose soil, exterminating louse, breaking knots, and dredging the four ditch to prevent waterlogging and drought.
7, comprehensive prevention of pests, machine defense rules
During the seedling stage, the three insects must be strictly guarded, namely, snails, blind beaks, and red spiders. Snails are fulminating and overeating, and should be promptly controlled after transplanting. The prevention and control of blind warts should be based on early, unified control, and start from the time of the Ma Lin period. Red spiders were wiped out before the small line of cotton.
In the bud stage, the main control subjects were blind plague, cotton aphid, cotton leafhopper, cotton bollworm and cotton withering and wilt. For insect pests, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and reporting, and according to the pest situation, the selected pesticides that meet the prevention and control standards shall be timely controlled. In the field where cotton is wilted and wilt disease, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied to increase the disease-resistant ability of diseased plants. For serious diseased plants, they should be removed and burned.
In the middle and later stages, Spodoptera litura, three or four generations of cotton bollworms, adherence to the prevention and control of blind beetles, red spiders, thrips, whiteflies, and verticillium wilt should be strengthened. Pest control should be maintained until the end of September.
The prevention and control strategy adhered to scientific forecasting, anti-government control, rotation of drugs, and improved control efficiency.
8, to be scientifically picked to prevent "three wire" pollution
Cotton picking is strictly implemented according to the “Technical Specification for Cotton Artificial Harvesting and Sales Processing Operation†(DB/T285).
The best bolling time is 5-7 days after cotton boll opening, should pick rotten peach timely, do not pick dew flower and smile peach, without shell harvest. We must use a bag to collect flowers, bamboo curtains to dry seed cotton, and effectively achieve grade, split the sun, sub-rolling, sub-store, sub-sale, to prevent "three wire" pollution.
Vegetable Hollow capsule manual
Name:Hollow Vegetable Capsule
Major components:HPMC(Hypromellose) and purified water
Character:The product is cylindrical and is made of two hard and elastic empty sacs made up of two sets of cap and body. The bag is smooth, uniform in color, smooth in incision, free of deformation, non-toxic and harmless, and is no odor
HPMC: It is an anhydroglucose of the cellulose.HPMC can be derived from cotton seeds
Function: Used for containing solid drugs. Isolation of herbs
Specifications:Size0,size1,size2,size3,size4,size5
Store:Keep in a cool, dry, airtight place
Manufacturing:Zhejiang Honghui Capsule Co.,Ltd
Add:Qingshan industrial area, Xinchang County, Zhejiang Province(Chengguan Town, Quanqin)
Color Capsule,Hpmc Color Capsule,3 Hpmc Color Capsule,Size 3 Hpmc Empty Capsules
Zhejiang Honghui Capsule Co.,Ltd , https://www.hhcapsule.com