Grafting of fruit trees is one of the key technologies for seedling raising. In the production practice, the author found that some fruit farmers have incomplete grasp of the grafting methods, and the results have affected the survival rate of grafting. The problems that often arise in grafting are now summarized for reference by farmers.
First, the problems that appear in the branches
1. Improper handling of dehydration scion. In some cases, due to various reasons, the scion and wilting of the scion have been caused. Many people think that such scion cannot be used, and some people may not use the scion because of lack of processing and use it barely, resulting in a significant decrease in graft survival rate.
The correct course of action is to remove the dehydrated shoots and soak them in fresh water. If the scions can recover with water, dry the surface moisture, and use the wax after application without affecting the survival rate. Scion cannot be used if it cannot be restored. In practice, the author also did such a thing. In August, a wind-scraped winter jujube was picked up and grafted. At that time, the jujube was still growing. Due to the lack of scion, I soaked the small jujube tree into the water and the branches. Restored, cut it into a scoop in the refrigerator freezer, buried in the wet soil after entering the winter, the second year after the spring out of the wax seal, graft survival rate is still high, not affected.
2. The method of binding the crude rootstock is improper. When the trees are taller, because the rootstocks are thicker, it is more difficult to wrap them with plastic strips. Some of them are simply replaced with plastic bags. When they are grafted, they are tied with plastic strips or ropes to secure the scion, and no tight binding is required. . In this way, the scion needs to be released several times after germination, which is more troublesome, and it will scald the sprout of the scion.
The correct approach is: After the scion is plugged in, use a piece of plastic cloth slightly thicker than the rootstock joints to cover the section and tie it with a narrow plastic strip.
3. Improper handling of the upper buds of the scions. General books and data are described in detail for the cutting method of the grafted scion, while the uncut part of the upper part is not described. Many people use longer scions, and more shoots are kept on the top. After grafting, germination will produce more new shoots. If the eradication is not timely, it will result in irregular growth and development.
Correct practice: Leave only one bud in the upper part of the scion and this bud is aligned with the thick surface aligned with the rootstock forming layer. After such scion grafting, only one thick new shoot per scion emerges, grows strong and tidy, and the survival rate increases significantly.
Second, in the bud easily in the problem
1. Unbinding after grafting is not timely. The period of budding is usually a certain degree of roughness, and the fullness of the buds on the scion can be carried out. The time is from June to August. If the grafting time is early, after survival (leaving the petioles left after 10 days), the tied plastic strips should be promptly released; otherwise, the thick plastic strips of the rootstocks are easily trapped in the rootstocks, resulting in the death of sprouts. Graft survival rate decreased. Last year, some nursery farmers in our county had this situation.
The correct approach is: if you do not understand the plastic strip, the grafting time should be controlled by the rootstock, scion forming layer close to stop activities (that is, not peeling), on August 20 or so, then the bud of the year may not lift the binding The plastic strips are removed together when the anvil is cut in the second year, which reduces labor and facilitates mastery.
2. The winding of the plastic strip is unreasonable. General books and materials do not describe the method of binding the plastic strips when they are grafted. They only describe the use of plastic strips to tie tightly and tightly. In practice, some people wrap them from the top to the bottom, and some from the bottom to the bottom. Wrapped on. In any case, there is no difference in the survival rate. There are two kinds of entanglement that can be used for timely unbinding. However, if the unwrapping is not timely, it is better to wrap it from bottom to top than from top to bottom. Because most of the bondage growth is the final tying, the binding on the bud is less than the binding bud affixed to the bud, and the impact on the docking bud is small. Every year, there are some nursery families that have not achieved the survival rate due to the lack of timely untying and binding of the plastic strips.
Correct practice: It is recommended that the plastic strip be wound from bottom to top during operation, and then be tied to the top of the bud 3 to 4 cm. One of the benefits is not to restrain the buds. Second, to cultivate fast-growing seedlings and to disentangle plastic strips later in the grafting season, the plastic strips can be cut when the anvil is cut, and the plastic strips can be detached on their own, eliminating the need for resolving plastic strips.
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