The one-year plan is spring, and the management of apple trees is also the same. To reduce the number of medications used throughout the year, effectively control pests and diseases, and obtain high quality and high yields, the management of the spring is very important. Specifically, we must grasp the following three points:
First, reduce the base number of pests and reduce the risk of the whole year
Most of the major diseases and insect pests in apple trees are overwintering in the trees. It is the key to the occurrence of diseases and insect pests in the coming year. Reducing the base number of these pests can reduce the pest damage and effectively control the annual damage. Technically, we must master scratching, painting, spraying, and cleaning. Scraping means scraping and roting lesions, old cracks, and rotenia; smearing is a drug that sterilizes the scraped disease, such as bactericidal and protective films, and smears the healing agent on all cuts; the spray is all Park spray 3 ~ 5 Baume degree of lime sulfur or 20 times liquid rot must be clear or 800 times good Lectra; clear is the diseased branches, diseased fruit, fallen leaves, old warp clean up outside the park or buried deep in place. After the beginning of spring, rot disease is discovered along with the curettage. The old scrape skin can be put into germination, because at this time some natural enemies have been paralysed, too early even the natural enemies have been eliminated, and the wound has lost moisture. When carrying out the above prevention and control measures, each step must be completely thorough, meticulous and thoughtful, leaving no dead ends. Only in this way can we minimize pathogens, reduce population density, and control pest development. This work is done well, and the use of drugs can be reduced by 1 or 2 times a year, and the incidence of rot disease, etc., is controlled within 5%. Most of the fruit growers in the production are not fully aware of this work. They are not serious and incomplete, and their pest and disease control is not good.
Second, do a good job before the flower cut, adjust the amount of flowers, focus on nutrition
Pre-flower shearing is an auxiliary pruning that corrects winter shear errors and prunes and compensates for the reduced amount of frozen flowers. It plays an irreplaceable role in adjusting the amount of flowers, improving structure, concentrating nutrition, and coordinating growth and results. For the newly-fruited saplings, flower buds should be retained as much as possible, and small-medium and large-sized fruiting branches should be left, and the fruit should be crowned; the flowering buds should also be retained for the young tree of the full-fruit period to obtain greater yield; In old trees, the standard of flower buds and leaves and buds (1:3) or 25 cm should be used to maintain a flower bud. The amount of flower buds should be strictly controlled. At the same time, the strong branches should be left with more flowers, the weak branches should be left with less flowers, and the redundant length should be eliminated. Thin, stringy, peripheral branches and flower buds can also be removed from large stem branches that affect structure and light. Through many years of practice, it has been proven that for many years before flowering, the number of spent branches has been reduced, the amount of flowers has been adjusted, nutrients have been saved, and the tree-trend has turned strong.
Third, with good fertilizer, strong tree expansion into flowers
If there is no autumn basal fertilizer, sufficient organic fertilizer should be applied. The sapling of trees should not be less than 2500 kg. The resulting tree should not be less than 5,000 kg. Based on this, topdressing chemical fertilizers to meet the needs of nutrients for flowering, fruit setting and shoot growth of fruit trees. The quantity and variety of topdressing can be determined by the soil, tree vigor, age, and yield. Generally, the amount of topdressing fertilizer on fertile soil is small, and the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are prominent. On the thin earthen soil, more nutrients and fertilizers are applied to multiple channels and multiple holes. Wangshu less nitrogen and more phosphorus and potassium, weak tree more nitrogen phosphorus and potassium; saplings more nitrogenous crown expansion, tree growth and nitrogen phosphorus and potassium both calcium and boron zinc. Generally, it is applied at a ratio and quantity of 1 kg of nitrogen, 0.7 kg of phosphorus, and 1.1 kg of potassium per 100 kg of fruit. Generally, after the soil is thawed, it is fertilized immediately and water is applied in combination with topdressing. During this period, irrigation can also reduce the ground temperature, delay flowering and avoid late frost. Fertilization was too late, and fertilizer was delayed. In late May, the flower buds stopped at the late stage and the flowering effect was poor. It is necessary to avoid the phenomenon of insufficient fertilization, inappropriate proportion, and late fertilization.
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