Due to the relatively cold winter, some apple tree flower buds appear frost damage, and many fruit trees are lighter in winter. This spring in the management of apple trees, it is necessary to do a good job cutting flowers. Scientific cutting can guarantee the production of a certain amount of high-quality fruit in the same year, and can form enough ideal flower buds for the next year, reduce or avoid the results of the next year, and increase the efficiency of fruit trees in successive years.
The optimum time for flowering before flowering Apple trees generally differs in the characteristics of varieties, cultivation conditions, tree vigor, etc., and flower bud differentiation, development, and appearance time are not consistent. Observed in the production practice, flower buds and large leaf buds of most varieties generally need to be clearly visible when the flower buds are swollen and visible in the middle and late March. At this time, it is also the best time for cutting before the flowers, and you should lose no time to move quickly.
The objects and scope of the complex shearing are pre-flowering and are suitable for the weak tree, the big year tree, the crown-expanding tree, the age-ineffective tree and the young tree.
Differentiation of flower buds and leaf buds During the mid-to late-March cuts, flower buds and leaf buds are at the stage of basic morphological development. In order to prevent erroneous shearing and missed shearing, correct implementation can be made according to oral lice. The identification of flower buds is that the flower buds are large and round scales, and the hairs are small and short. Conglomerates hug and hold together, with a large scale in the middle, large orphans, few black sides, fine necks, partial heads, bright and fresh colors, stripped scales to look inside, and velvety balls appear, with blossoming flowers on top. The identification of leaf buds is: the head and neck of the leaf bud are strong, the scales are loose, and the velvet hair is not bright.
After recutting, the parameters of the tree phase indicators should be controlled at 60,000 to 80,000 (Fuji to 60,000 is best) and the projected area per square meter should be 100 to 120, long, medium and short. The branch ratio is close to 1:2:7, the branch ratio is 4 to 5:1, the ratio of flower buds and leaf buds is 1:4, the amount of mu flowers is 12,000 to 15,000, and the coverage rate of branches and leaves is 60% to 80%. The indicator is 2000-2500 kg.
Different tree shears
1. New Year tree. According to the principle of “determining the production of trees, limiting the amount of trees, and keeping fruit in the standsâ€, the appropriate ratio of flower buds and leaf buds can be reasonably adjusted, and the branches of flowering leaves are generally controlled at 1:4. The thin and weak branches retract to the strong buds as appropriate, and the dense flower buds are removed according to the space and the growing trend to increase the number of ready branches.
2. Young tree. With a small amount of flowers, flower buds should be left as much as possible to ensure income for the year. More than a few break some of the long-term branches, one for more than one branch, so that less flowers into the year, to reduce the number of flowers in the following year.
3. Expand the crown tree. For the capped flower buds and squid stalks that are formed on the main branches during the crown expansion stage, it is possible to break the top and sparsely stand, to promote the development of short and middle branches, and to cultivate the twigs. For the flower buds formed on the main branches that are growing more prosperous, in order to balance the tree vigor and achieve the purpose of "pressing the crown with fruit," fruiting can be preserved.
4. A weak tree. This type of tree is full of flower buds all over the body and there are few vegetative shoots. In order to restore the tree vigor as soon as possible and prolong the result of years, we should adhere to the principle of “re-emphasizing weak flowers, retaining strong flowers, breaking and leaving, and breaking away and staying closeâ€. The flower buds will be changed into buds, the flowering branches will be changed into vegetative branches, and the greatest efforts will be made to maintain the branches and raise the trees with leaves.
5. Wangshu who does not result in age. Such trees are often neglected by fruit growers during the cutting process, and they spend most of their time on the tree of the New Year and the tree of weakness. Pre-flowering shears are also suitable for Wangshu which grows too busy for age-appropriate results. The method is: For overgrowth trees, in winter, only the standing erect branches, legged branches, competing branches and individual "Overlord" branches are only removed, and the remaining branches can be postponed until budding. This can intentionally consume too much nutrients in the body, so as to ease the tree potential and help flowering.
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