In recent years, the types of fertilizers applied to agricultural crops in China are quietly changing. The proportion of organic fertilizers is becoming smaller and smaller, and the proportion of fertilizers applied is above 80%. Although fertilization is faster, the sustainability of fertility is limited and the effective utilization of fertilizer is not high. According to the Institute of Atomic Energy, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the effective utilization rate of ammonium bicarbonate is 27%, the effective utilization rate of urea is 35%, the effective utilization rate of ammonium sulfate is 45%, and most of the waste is wasted. Volatilize from the air, the second is the loss of rainfall, and the third is fixed by the soil. Among them, the impact of climate on the efficiency of fertilization is the main one. Therefore, it is necessary to take flexible measures to improve the efficiency of fertilization according to the climate change situation.
Since the beginning of winter this year, the climate has been relatively dry, and the amount of rainfall has been greatly reduced compared with the normal year. If nitrogen fertilizers are applied topically to overwintering crops, not only the crops will be difficult to absorb, but it will also produce fertilizer damage. In fields with better soil moisture, a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer can be applied as appropriate. According to local experiences, the uptake of phosphorus and potash fertilizers by overwintering crops is relatively high. Appropriate topdressing of phosphate fertilizers or potash fertilizers can not only increase the utilization rate of soil moisture, but also increase nitrogen by phosphorus. Therefore, in the continuous drought in winter, compound fertilizers with higher phosphorus and potassium contents should be applied.
When it enters the rainy season, if nitrogen fertilizer is applied to some areas, it will not only lead to the loss of nitrogen fertilizer, but it will also promote crop prosperous growth, resulting in lodging of the crops, and inducing pests and diseases, resulting in reduced production. In the period of volatility, there are more rainstorms. Some farmers who planted cotton often spread urea to the cotton fields in the coming rainstorm. As a result, the greater the amount of application, the more severe the wilting of cotton after rain, and some cotton even die. Therefore, when fertilizing in the season with more rainfall, one should pay attention to sub-fertilization, and secondly, take a deep ditch by means of digging or burrowing.
Temperature has a great influence on fertilization efficiency, generally in the range of 0°C to 32°C. The higher the temperature, the more fertilizers the crops absorb and the higher the conversion efficiency. Excessively high or low temperatures will restrict the absorption and utilization of fertilizers by crops. Therefore, according to the reproductive characteristics of the crop, select the appropriate fertilization temperature. For example, the suitable temperature for top dressing of rice is 30°C~32°C, the suitable temperature for top dressing of corn is 25°C~30°C, and the suitable temperature for top dressing of cotton is 28°C~30°C, which should be well grasped during fertilization. The seedlings of the above crops should be applied with quick-release chemical fertilizers. In the hot season, fertilization should be conducted in the morning and evening when the temperature is lower. For overwintering crops, phosphorus and potash fertilizers should be used due to the low winter and spring temperatures.
Crops with a longer growing period should be given more nitrogen fertilizer, and those with a short growing period should control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer in order to prevent prosperous growth and cause late maturation. In high temperature and drought, more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied to increase the utilization of soil moisture. In order to prevent the high temperature from volatilizing the fertilizer, it is necessary to deepen it in the morning and in the evening.
All in all, fertilization should avoid adverse weather conditions as much as possible. Only the anti-disaster response can achieve the maximum benefit with the least fertilizer input.
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Below image as a reference:
Car Blanket
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