1. Scientifically compile the annual production plan for chicken farms The chicken farms should be fully discussed at the beginning of the year according to the nature and tasks of the farm, and put forward a practical and feasible annual production plan to facilitate the overall arrangement of various work and the preparation of annual production. The main items and technical indicators included in the plan are: 1. Flock turnover plan. In breeder farms, typically 50% of the entire reserve birds are bred in the current year. If broilers are to be reared in March-April, it is advisable to switch to breeder flocks in October, including a normal culling rate of 35. %-40%, mortality rate is 10%-15%. Based on the monthly changes in the flock, the number of chickens that were initially stocked per month and the average number of chickens raised can be calculated. According to the size of the hens, the males and females should be matched according to their male and female ratios. In order to make up for the accidental loss, 20% of the spare breed roosters should be reserved. After the breeding flock has been established, the breeder rearing plan can be established, which includes the number of breeders (male and female) at the beginning of each month from January to December, the elimination mortality rate (%), the number of deaths eliminated (only), and the Month feeding day (day only), monthly average breeding number (only), current chicken population (only). After the rearing plan of breeders is listed, in order to combine the turnover of the houses with the number of flock, the situation of each link should be summarized, and a plan for the turnaround of the flock should be prepared. Include chicken house number, breed, end of last month deposit, increase in number (including transfer, purchase), decrease in number (including sale, transfer, elimination of death), and the end of the month. 2. Egg production plan. Based on the average number of hens raised per month and the level of production over the past years, the egg production rate and the number of eggs produced in each month are determined on a monthly basis. Damaged and unacceptable eggs generally do not exceed 5%. The annual egg production schedule (from January to December) includes: the number of eggs at the beginning of the month (only), the average number of animals raised per month (only), the egg production rate (%), the total number of eggs laid (the number of eggs), and the number of eggs (one). The number of eggs (a), breakage (%), and the number of broken eggs (a). In order to further distinguish the production characteristics of each species, it is also possible to formulate the egg production plan of the sub-variety according to the variety, and then summarize it into the egg production plan of the whole field. 3. Incubation plan and chick promotion plan. The breeder farm develops hatchery and chick promotion plans based on the local climate and equipment conditions and the needs of the people. For egg chickens, for example, the technical indicators: fertilization rate is above 90%, the stillbirth rate of one shot and two shots does not exceed 7% of fertilized eggs, the hatching rate of fertilized eggs is not less than 85%, and the number of dead persons does not exceed 3%. . The contents of the hatching schedule include: incubator number, number of hatched eggs (one), fertilization rate (%), number of hatching chicks (only), number of self-fertility (only), number of promotion (only), and stubborn bird ratio (%), number of dead animals (only). The number of eggs to be hatched shall indicate the type or category of eggs entered. 4, brooding program. The breeder farm needs to supplement 50% of the new breeder chicken each year. The number of brooding should be 2-3 times the number of breeding chickens. The brooding survival rate should be 95% at 1 month of age and 90% at 2 months of age. Should also be based on different species to develop weight indicators and early elections to stay behind the reserve cock. 5, feed production and supply plan. According to the number of trapped chickens in each month (including breeder chickens, chicks, and backyard breeders), the average feed intake of each type of chicken is multiplied to obtain the feed requirement for each month. When formulating plans, the types and quantities of feeds that can be produced and purchased in this field should be separately listed. The green feed supply plan should also note that the general amount is equal to the amount of concentrate. When planning, pay attention to the seasonal influence. 6, product sales plan. According to the various production plans, the product sales plan is listed, including eggs, brooders, edible eggs, manure, and chickens and unqualified eggs. All products must be sold in time, no backlog. In addition, plans for health and epidemic prevention, employment plans, and plans for coal, electricity, and economic accounting must also be formulated. Second, the rational placement of chicken cage type and placement should be based on the nature of the chicken farm, feeding methods and chicken species, age and Other principles of design. Also consider factors such as material and economic efficiency. Common types of cages can be divided into four types: brooding, bred, broiler chickens and laying cages. 1, brood cage (140 days old). General use of 3-4 layers of overlapping cage raising, the total height of the cage body is 1.7 meters, and the total length can be determined depending on the feeding scale. The height of the cage is 100-150 mm, and the length of each single cage is 700-1000 mm. The cage is 300-400 mm high and the cage is 400-500 mm deep. The cage's mesh is rectangular or square. The aperture of the bottom net is 12.5 mm, and the aperture of the side net and top net is 25 mm. The cage door is located at the front, and the adjustable range of the cage door is 20-35mm. Each cage can accommodate about 30 chicks. 2. Breeding cages (41-140 days old). All three floors, the overall width of 1.6-1.7 meters, a height of 1.7-1.8 meters, each single cage length 800 mm, 400 mm high, 420 mm deep. Cage bottom mesh 20-40 mm. Cage top, side, rear net aperture 25 mm, cage door width 140-150 mm, each single cage can accommodate 7-15 breeding chicks. 3, meat cages. All three-dimensional cages, 3,4 layer overlap, cage structure and feeding density and breeding cage similar. There are also other broiler farms that use flat-screen webs for good results. 4. Laying cages (141 days old - end of egg production). Each single cage has a length of 400 mm, a depth of 450 mm, an anterior height of 450 mm, a rear height of 380 mm and a cage bottom inclination of 7.5 degrees. The front of the cage door is open, the width of the door is 210-240mm, the spacing of the mesh at the bottom of the cage is 22mm, and the interval between the wefts is 60mm. The variation range of the aperture of the top side and the rear net is relatively large and can be flexibly controlled. However, the aperture of the side net is preferably 25-30 mm in height and 40-50 mm in width because the mesh can prevent the chickens between the cages from crouching. Each single cage can raise 3-4 chickens. The material used for making chicken cages can be adapted to local conditions and locally sourced. If there is a lack of steel, all or some of them can be made of bamboo and vitex. There are several ways to arrange cages: (1) Multi-layered overlays (4-5 layers): Each layer of cages is placed on a vertical line, and each layer of cages has a shroud or excrement conveyor belt. Brooding cages and broiler cages use this approach. (2) Ladder-type: also called product-shaped placement, generally three, there are three kinds of placement methods, one is to completely stagger the three-layer cage (full ladder); the second is that there is a half overlap between each cage (half-step) The third type is that the lower two layers completely overlap and the upper layer does not overlap at all. (3) Single-layer cage culture: All the cages are arranged on a horizontal surface and the feces can directly fall into the manure tank. 3. Mechanized Egg-laying Operations Mechanized egg-laying operations are a mechanical system with high technological requirements in modern chicken production. Tens of millions of eggs can be delivered from the chicken house through a mechanical rotation system. Code discs and packing are beneficial to increase labor productivity and reduce product costs. Due to the fear of damage to fresh eggs, the design and craftsmanship of the egg collection machinery are very strict, easy to operate, balanced and easy to maintain. The broken egg rate caused by the whole egg collection system should not exceed 2% in order to promote its use. The method of mechanized egg collection should be selected according to the conditions of each field. There are two methods that are more commonly used. One is to use a battery car or a trolley as an egg collection vehicle, run between the cages, and pick eggs into the egg trays. After centralized delivery to the cleaning and packaging workshop; Second, the conveyor belt to transport the eggs to the egg collection room. The former method is more economical and uses more. The latter method has higher labor efficiency. The conveyor belt collection system is generally divided into vertical and horizontal lines. The vertical line is an egg-laying line and is placed in the conveyor belt in front of each row of cages. The horizontal line is the total egg-laying line, ie, the eggs sent from each of the distributed egg lines are diverted and concentrated on a horizontal conveyor belt and sent to the egg collection room. Ladder cages generally have upper, middle and lower three-divided egg lines, and three-level eggs of different levels must also be concentrated on one level. The horizontal and horizontal egg lines of the high-bed cage are all on a horizontal plane, and the mechanical structure is relatively simple. Mechanical structure system: 1. Power. With a 1.1-1.2 kW motor, the speed is 940-949 revolutions per minute. If the individual egg line is operated separately, a small active egg collection table (vehicle type) can be designed separately, and the power can be collected by only one 0.5 kilowatt micromotor. 2, gears and chains. According to the mechanical structure set the corresponding reducer, transmission gear and chain (bike wheel and chain can also be). 3, flow egg tank. The length is equal to the length of the cage, the width is 100-120 mm, and the material can be tinplate (0.75 mm thick). 4, conveyor belts. 80-100 mm wide, 2-3 mm thick, both with canvas or rubber. It requires no deformation, no water absorption, and good wear resistance. How it works: Eggs roll from the cage into the egg tray and fall onto the conveyor belt. The operating speed of the diversity egg line is 1-2 meters per minute. The stepped cage raises the diversity egg line leading to the total egg-laying line through a 5-6 meter slope (30 degree angle). Or use vertical lifting mechanical equipment is also available. After the high-bed caged eggs are rolled into the egg tray, they are directly output from the conveyor belt and rolled into the total egg-laying line without adjusting the height of the dispersed egg line. Large-scale chicken farms should be equipped with egg cleaning, grading, inspection and packaging equipment, which is very effective for improving the economic efficiency of chicken farms.
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