Editor's note: New types of fertilizers include microbial fertilizers, water-soluble fertilizers, slow-release fertilizers, and bio-organic fertilizers. Its role is to provide crops with essential nutrients, improve soil structure, improve fertilizer efficiency and so on. As the market demands for fruit quality continue to increase, the role of new types of fertilizers in the fruit industry is also becoming increasingly prominent and has been accepted by more and more farmers. How to choose and apply new fertilizers in production? In this issue, we will focus on new types of fertilizer-related knowledge to provide a reference for fruit agriculture fertilization.
There are many new kinds of fertilizers on the market. How can they be applied according to their efficacy and orchard conditions? In this regard, Associate Professor Sun Benhua, a soil fertility expert at the Northwest A&F University, responded to the concerns of the fruit farmers.
Q: There are many new types of fertilizer on the market. What is microbial fertilizer?
Expert: Microbial fertilizer refers to a fertilizer containing a large amount of beneficial microorganisms. It consists mainly of beneficial microbes and the matrix required for microbial life activities. Phosphorus-releasing and potassium-releasing bacteria that can activate phosphorus and potassium nutrients, antibiotics that can increase the resistance of crops, and decomposing bacteria that can promote the transformation of organic matter. When choosing a peasant friend, one must pay attention to the brand to prevent counterfeiting; the second is to meet the survival conditions of microorganisms when it is preserved and applied; the third is that it mainly functions as “icing on the cake†and cannot replace bulk organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers. Nutrient supply.
Q: What is slow and controlled release fertilizer? Is it possible to use slow and controlled release fertilizers in the arid regions of northwest China?
Experts: Slow and controlled release fertilizers combine insoluble or hardly microbially degradable substances with fertilizer nutrients (mainly nitrogen) or encapsulant fertilizers, or make fertilizers into large particles, so that when fertilizers are applied to soil, nutrients slowly Release. This can increase the availability of fertilizers and reduce environmental pollution. Commonly used for fruit trees and other high-value crops. The lack of irrigation conditions in the arid regions of Northwest China often necessitates one-time fertilization. It is certainly beneficial to introduce slow-release technologies or to combine ordinary fertilizers with slow- and controlled-release fertilizers.
Q: What are the effects of humic acids, chelating agents, and amino acids contained in the foliar fertilizers on the market?
Experts: Iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum and other elements are easily fixed in the soil and become difficult to be absorbed by crops. Humic acid or chelating agents can immobilize these metal ions so that they are not easily precipitated and fixed, thereby increasing the effectiveness of these nutrients in micro-fertilizer and soil. Because of this, some products refer to chelating agents such as humic acid as "activators."
Question: In addition to activating these nutrients, do these substances have no nutritional value?
Experts: In addition to activating nutrients, high-molecular organic matter such as humic acid can also provide nutrients to crops, improve crop resistance and improve soil. Amino acid is a part of protein that can be directly absorbed and utilized by crops to promote the growth and development of crops.
Q: What is "fertilizer synergist"?
Expert: Fertilizer synergist" is a term proposed by the fertilizer business speculation, it may increase the nitrification inhibitor of nitrogen fertilizer utilization, it may also increase the chelating agent or humic acid, etc., if the dosage is appropriate, the method Properly, it is good for improving fertilizer efficiency, but it cannot replace chemical fertilizers.
Q: What else need to pay attention to "new fertilizer"?
Experts: I hope the farmers' friends can pay attention to the following two points when purchasing “new fertilizersâ€: First, the efficacy, nutrient content, and quality inspection standards of “new fertilizers†are not as clear as ordinary chemical fertilizers, and fertilizer costs are also relatively high. Therefore, It is necessary to pay more attention to preventing counterfeit and inferior products from being selected. The second is to ask experts about or consult other people's practices about "new fertilizers" that they do not yet understand. If you don't have the bottom and you really want to use it, try it out on your own small piece of land.
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