1. Feeding and Management Techniques for Ducks and Ducks during Brooding Period Duckling Brooders are raised from the hatching stage to the 28-day-old period. Ducklings at this stage are delicate and difficult to grow well. Therefore, the following aspects must be done. Preparation for pre-nursing 1. The duck house should be built on the terrain of high dryness, where the leewards are sunny, and a sports paddling pool is built around it. Three days before raising, fill the ground in the duck house, plug the rat hole, fix the doors and windows, clean it and disinfect it with 20% lime. 2) Prepare and maintain brooding equipment and utensils, such as heating equipment, drinking fountains, feed troughs, duck baskets, etc., and disinfect with 2% caustic soda. 3 The access passages between the brooding room, sports ground, and reservoir should be leveled off and fill the pit. ? Choose a good variety for captive ducks, choose Shaoxing duck "red hair green wing tip" type. These ducks are mild in temperament, suitable for confinement, small in size, material-saving, early maturity, wide adaptability, and strong disease resistance. They produce 260 to 300 duck eggs each year and have an egg weight of about 60 grams. ? Into the child off to a good, healthy choice and identification of male and female child 1:?? Select hatched on time, navel ring healed well, infirmity, lively, eye drums God, no blood and scab fast, uniform size ducklings . ? 2? selection of female ducklings feeding: male and female identification, can use pinch anal method, this method will not damage the ducklings. The method is: Hold the duckling with your left hand, gently grip the duck neck with your thumb and forefinger, and then use your right thumb and index finger, gently squeeze the anus, rub it a little before and after. If a sesame-sized protrusion is a male duck, flat no projection is a female duckling. ? Feeding Science (1) Note 1 turn on the water "rescue" also known as "test the water", "little water." Please note that you must eat before you start eating, otherwise it may cause death. The release time was before the second day of eating. ? 2? Water release method: sunny, the temperature above 14 °C, can be directly in the cold water. Choose the flat-bottomed duck basket and slowly dip the duck basket into the water, about half an inch deep, and it is advisable to submerge duck backs for 5 minutes. The ducklings are active when they are stimulated by cold water, eating water and activities. If it is raining, you can put water in the duck house and use pots to hold shallow water and soak in the instep. 3 to 1 to 2 days after the duck can be allowed to go into the water. After the water is poured, the ducklings should be allowed to dry their feathers and then fed back to the duck. When the ducklings are released within 1 to 2 days, they should not be soaked in wet hair to avoid freezing. (2) Eating at the right time, opening the food, also known as "teaching mouth" is the first feeding. Note that do not feed within 24 hours in order to facilitate the absorption of intra-abdominal yolk. If the ducklings dry hair the next day and spin around, one-third of the ducklings will extend their heads and necks in a similar manner to food. They can then “drain†and “eat foodâ€. (3) feeding method, use rice when eating, must first wash with rice water, and mix in 10% chopped buckwheat. Teach your mouth to be patient and try to make ducklings learn to eat. Feeding times: 1 to 7 days, feeding 6 times a day, 4 times a day, 2 times a night; 7 to 21 days, 5 times a day; 21 to 28 days, can be reduced again. When feeding, groups should be divided into groups of 250 animals per group. The principle of feeding is from fine to coarse, from ripe to raw, from soft to hard, from less to more, so that quantitative, quantitative, qualitative, small meals and more feed, so as not to waste. (4) As soon as possible, “open upâ€, ie feeding animal feed as soon as possible. As the saying goes: “The goose should be green and the duck should be squeaky.†On the third day, the animal feed can be given at a rate of 10% to 20%. The snail, small fish, shrimp, cocoon, and river crab can be selected. Animal feed requires fresh, chopped and mash, and can also be fed with compound feed containing fish meal. ? (5) of fodder, it requires metabolic energy 2800 kcal / kg, 20% crude protein, methionine, 0? 4%, lysine 1? 1%. Vitamins a1 million units/kg, calcium 1%, phosphorus 0? 7%. Reference Formula (%): 1?corn 50, cabbage 20, broken rice 10, bran 10, fish meal 75, bone meal 1, shell powder 1, salt 0.5; 2? brown rice 40, corn 18, bran 3, cotton kernel Cake 5, vegetable cake 14, bean cake 10, fish meal 7, bone meal 25, salt 0.5. (6) Fill the green material. From the third day, 10% to 20% of green feed, such as buckwheat, duckweed, greens, and duckweed, were added. If you use green leaves, dandelion, comfrey, and dicot etc. as green feed, you can also prevent diseases. ? Strengthen management (1) pressure-proof insulation:? Temperature requirements, Day 1 32 ℃, 2 ~ 7 days 31 ~ 28 ℃, maintained at 25 ~ 20 ℃ 8 ~ 14 days 28 ~ 25 ℃, 15 days later. The temperature must be maintained evenly, and the mental state of the ducklings should be observed in conjunction with changes in the outside air temperature. If the appetite is good, the feathers are smooth and tidy, evenly spread, walking high-pitched, walking freely, indicating that the temperature is appropriate; if shrinking neck, not lively, feathers erect, screaming piles, or even diarrhea, indicating that the temperature is too low, should be timely Adjustment, pay special attention to the rainy days and nights of insulation work, while paying attention to the air smooth, dry without thieves, to prevent boring death, frozen to death. (2) Appropriate density and proper illumination: 1? Density requirements 1 to 7 days 25 to 30/meter, 7 to 14 days 20 to 25/meter, 15 to 28 days 15 to 20/meter. According to the above requirements, timely grouping and strengthening of group management. Light Condition 2: 1 to 3 days 24 hours, 4 to 7 days, 23 hours / day, one hour after 8 days until spontaneous reduction of light per day. The degree of illumination can be lower, and it also has the effect of harming rats and animals. (3) Appropriate sports and playing water: After the ducklings have been drained, the ducklings shall be placed in shallow water for 3 to 5 minutes in batches and divided into batches, and then exercised in the windless sun. If you find ducklings trembling when you get into the water, stop immediately and dry your feathers. After the 7th day of age, when the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the duck house is less than 5°C, it takes 20 minutes to exercise. Put some sand in the stadium to allow the ducklings to feed freely. ? (4) integrated disease prevention: Disease prevention should be on prevention, do the following:?? 1 for unauthorized personnel access must be disinfected with ultraviolet light entering the means of transport available 100 poisoned disinfection. ? 2? The site is cleaned daily, the equipment is cleaned daily, and regularly sterilized. The interval is 3 days in summer and 7 days in spring and autumn. 3? duckling hatched the same day, using ducklings viral hepatitis attenuated vaccine vaccination, can also be used Banlangen "three yellow" mixture control, method is for each 500 feathers Banlangen 50 grams, capillaris 100 grams, rhubarb, skullcap, cork each 20 grams, 40 grams of honeysuckle, Jianshui Fu, a day for 3 days, also has a preventive effect against fowl cholera. Professional households adopt the above technical measures for brooding, which can train strong young ducklings, transfer them to the rearing period and the rearing of the egg production period in time, so that the breeding of ducks and ducks can achieve high yield and efficiency. Second, how to do a good goose brooding work Geese brooding period is from hatching to 4 weeks of age, this period of feeding the following points: (1) early drinking water: generally 24 to 36 hours after hatching, winter The water temperature is maintained at about 25°C. Adding multivitamins (1g per kilogram of water) to the drinking water of the goslings at 3 days of age, or composing a 0.05% potassium permanganate solution for drinking. After the boiling water, the goose house cannot be cut off. (2) Eating at the right time: The first time the goslings eat the food is called open food, generally after the boiling water is fed, with half-cooked rice or soaked minced rice, compound feed can also be used to add green material. (3) Feeding times and methods: The brooding stage should be based on the principle of less feeding. Feeding 6 times a day for 3 days, 8 times for 4 - lo days, 6 times for ll - 20 days old, and 4 times for 20 days (including night feeding). Feeding method: Within 10 days of age, the proportion of fine material and green material is 1:2. After feeding the fine material, it is fed with green material. After 10 days of age, the proportion of green material is gradually increased. After feeding the green material, the fine material is fed first. (4) Grazing management: Spring brooding can start grazing from the age of 5 days; in winter, grazing can take place only when the hair is white for 21 days. For the first time, it is better to choose grazing on a clear, windless day. Grazing grass should be tender, free from outbreaks and pollution, and clean water should be available. Heavy rain, mildew, strong sun, and dew do not allow grazing. (5) Insulation and moisture protection: Temperature is an important part of the management of goslings. The temperature of the goslings just taken from the incubator room should reach 27°C to 28°C. With the increase of the age, it can be reduced every 5 days. °C, after 3 weeks of age, it can be maintained at room temperature 15°C-18°C. At the same time, pay attention to the indoor ventilation, and keep the dry, fresh, air circulation, and dry and clean floors. (6) Density: The growth of goslings is rapid, and attention must be paid to adjusting the density. When brooding in temperature from 35 to 40 cm in baskets, about 15 eggs per basket in the first week, and about 10 in each basket after 1 week. In the case of brooding, the densities of different ages are as follows: 25 to 20 1-5 days of age per square meter, 20 to 15 of 6-10 days, 15 to 12 of ll-15 days, 16 - 12-8 days of 20 days. Third, the chicken brooding management points temperature brooding sheds should be in advance of 2 to 3 days before picking up the temperature of the chicken, heating at the same time pay attention to ventilation, after picking the chicken temperature generally increase 0.5 ~ 1 °C. Summer brooding, the temperature can be controlled between 33 ~ 34 °C; winter can be increased accordingly, generally 35 ~ 36 °C is appropriate. As the chicken ages, the temperature should slowly decrease. The temperature dropped to 28°C at 2 weeks of age, and dropped to a constant temperature of 21°C in 1 week. Cooling should be as steady as possible, without causing stress to the chicks due to sudden changes in temperature. Humidity chicks require slightly higher humidity in the early stage. The humidity in the incubator at the time of hatching is about 70%. It must also be close to this humidity within one week after the brooding room. The humidity gradually decreases as the age increases, and it decreases to 50% in the later brooding period. 60%. During the light brooding, the light time should gradually decrease. Generally, 24 hours of light is used in the first 3 days so that the chicks have enough time to adapt to the environment and live independently as soon as possible to promote drinking and eating. Afterwards, light is reduced by 1 hour every day and light is kept constant for 12 hours after two weeks. The following illumination principles should be observed during brooding: (1) The lighting time should be short and not prolonged. (2) No matter what kind of lighting system is adopted, it should not be changed after it is implemented. It must not be ignored, and the lighting time must not be changed. The intensity of light must not be ignored. (3) Maintain the uniformity of the illumination in the house as much as possible. Drinking water to pick up new chicks should first drink water before eating. The first drinking water should use cool water cooled to 18～20°C. The water can add 8% glucose, and add antibacterial drugs, various vitamins, and electrolytes. Feeding brooding feeding principle is a small number of times, that is, each time you add a small amount of feed, so that chickens eat within 3 to 5 minutes; after eating and rest 20 to 30 minutes before adding. Chicks require high-energy, high-protein, vitamins. In addition, allicin can be added to both enhance appetite and enhance disease resistance. In the breeding process, gravel can be added in an appropriate amount to enhance digestion. At the age of 1 to 2 weeks, each chick was fed 1 g per week with a particle size of 1 to 2 mm. At 3 to 7 weeks of age, each chick was fed 2 g for 1 week and the particle size was 2 to 3 mm. For group rearing, if a three-dimensional online brooding is used, the selection starts from the third day of age based on the growth of the chicks. The weaker chicks are placed on the upper layer and are strong on the bottom. After stratification, they can be treated differently in terms of feeding amount, nutritional structure, etc., so that weak chicks can catch up as soon as possible to improve the evenness of the flock. Grouping work should be carried out frequently, at least once a week, and individual adjustments should be made to improve the overall quality of the flock. Ventilation and ventilation to maintain a fresh air environment is very important for the growth and development of chickens. Therefore, the construction of brooding houses must take into account the necessity of ventilation, rational design, and increase ventilation and ventilation. The most irresistible in ventilation and ventilation is the thief wind, especially in the winter, the outside temperature is low, cold air enters the chicken house easily after causing some diseases. Therefore, to prevent the thief wind, it is important to adjust the position of the air inlet reasonably. In addition, it is necessary to place a heat source at the air inlet to preheat the cold air. Fourth, the peacock brooding nine main points breeding blue peacock should pay attention to nine feeding chicks technical points: 1. Eggs to give priority to moderate size, egg shape normal (average 90g), the surface is smooth and clean, no wrinkles, cracks, stains, etc., save time is not More than 15 days, storage temperature 18 °C, relative temperature of 70% to 80%, well-ventilated, eggs hatched before hatching, potassium permanganate solution can be used to soak. 2. Chicklings should choose the best health plucking chicks is a prerequisite for raising a peacock, so the chicks should be rigorously selected. The healthy finches show good light and struggle. For those who are underweight, weak and deformed, they should be removed. 3. Brooding The indoor and outdoor brooding rooms are divided into indoor brooding and outdoor brooding. Indoor brooding, using angle iron and other materials, first put into a frame, each frame 250cm120cm, bottom height 80cm, around the height of 60cm, with 1.5cm1.5cm welded wire mesh, can also use plastic mesh or fishnet, can be used for feeding 20 days before brooding . Outdoor chicks, fence area of ​​5m10m, indoor and outdoor half, indoor high 4m, covered with asbestos tile, evenly catch the bamboo frame below, for peacock habitat, can be used to keep 20 to 60 days chicks. 4. It is advisable to have a young bird with a density of 20 days or less, about 15 eggs per square meter. Twenties from the age of 20 days to 60 days should be moved from indoor to outdoor, raising 5-8 eggs per square meter. It is also advisable to adjust the temperature to prevent heat from squeezing and die. 5. The group should be suitable for chicks feeding, because the chick body, quality, male and female differences, often appear chicks of different sizes, strong birds to snatch food, weak finch eating, affecting the phenomenon of group equilibrium weight gain. The male and female, weak and weak chicks should be reared in groups for feeding and management. 6. The temperature and humidity must be moderate and the temperature should be high on cloudy days, sunny days should be low, and the temperature should be 34°C at the beginning, and the temperature should be lowered by 0.3°C every day. The relative humidity is controlled between 60% and 70%. The principle of watching young Shiwen is that the young bird shows lively and active, evenly distributed, good appetite, moderate drinking water, smooth and smooth hair, and restful and peaceful. 7. Feeding should scientifically aim at the characteristics of young fins with small gastrointestinal volume and easy hunger. The supply of drinking water and foodstuffs should be sufficient. They must be fed with full price materials and fed 5 to 6 times a day. The amount of feeding is just enough to eat. should. To prevent residue contamination deterioration. 8. The air needs to be fresh because the young finches have a strong metabolism and produce harmful gases such as carbon dioxide, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide. Indoor brooding requires both heat insulation and ventilation, so that people do not feel bored when entering the room. 9. Light drinking water should be hygienic early brooding, natural light is appropriate, after 1 week of age, at a suitable temperature, let it properly sun exposure, play a role in promoting bone development, drinking water should first drink 0.1% potassium permanganate The solution is to provide clean drinking water after eating. The water temperature is appropriate at about 25°C. Drinking water should be changed frequently, and once a week, a 0.1% solution of all diseases should be fed. Water tools must be washed and disinfected. Fifth, guinea fowl brooding measures brood guinea fowl bred to better online, isolation of feces from multiple pathogen infection. The size of the mesh is 05-1cm2, and a canvas can be put on the net in the first few days. After warming up, it can be raised and grazing on the ground. Insulation For hatched chicks, initial brooding temperature is required to be 37°C, then the corresponding temperature is lowered by 1°C-2°C every week until the same temperature as the natural temperature, and the activity scope is gradually expanded according to the activity of guinea fowl. The temperature is not lower than 24°C, and cold air is prevented from blowing directly on the broiler body under the precondition of ensuring air refresh. The relative humidity requirement of the best humidity is 80%. Too wet is prone to candidiasis. When it is too dry, it can be sprayed on the ground or sprayed with disinfectant chickens. Chickens at 4 weeks of age require higher protein levels and are best fed to fast chickens. After 1 month of age, they can switch to local chickens and chickens. Also pay attention to add sand, red mud and grass. Immunization program 7 days old lasota drinking water 05 heads / only, 20 days old lasota drinking water 1 / only, 30 days old intramuscular injection of Newcastle disease oil emulsion inactivated vaccine. Guinea fowls have a greater response to nd-i (Newcastle disease i-type vaccine). After 50 days of guinea fowl intramuscular injection of nd-i vaccine, about 5 to 1% of guinea fowl have neurological symptoms, if the nd-i is 3% 3% brown sugar water 3 days after vaccine immunization can reduce the number of chickens. Disease control Pearl chicks are susceptible to salmonellosis, E. coli disease, candidiasis, coccidiosis and enteritis. When using full-priced feed, please pay attention to remind manufacturers to add anticoccidial drugs and dinitridazole, can reduce the incidence of disease, in the event of bacterial enteritis, chloramphenicol is a more effective and economical drug, the amount of 005% -01% The raw meal is fed for 3 to 5 days, and 002%—004% furazolidone is available for drinking prevention; Beverages are treated 1-2 times per week with iodine-containing disinfectant, and guinea fowls are sprayed every week for 1-2 times and the environment is repeated several times. Disinfection can effectively prevent the occurrence of enteritis. The effective drugs for the treatment of candidiasis are nystatin 50-100 units/kg spices, and 005% copper sulfate drinking water, and 5 days is a course of treatment. The activity of feeding and managing guinea fowl is relatively large and requires a relatively large level of space. It is only 3-4 times as large as the size of the group. Therefore, it is critical to begin spawning in groups and reduce density. In addition, guinea fowl is also very timid, easy to be frightened and squeezed to death, if it is not a quiet environment, it is best to have dim lighting throughout the night to reduce the flock stress; in the transfer barracks, dung, sale, transport Such processes should pay attention to the dynamics of guinea fowls and prevent accidental death. Sixth, red pheasant brooding to a good "seven off" temperature brooding shed should be 2-3 days before picking. The temperature of the brooding house is 33-36°C on the first day, and decreases by 1-2°C per week until it drops to the natural temperature. While ensuring the temperature, it is necessary to pay attention to ventilation to prevent oxygen deficiency and harmful gas poisoning. The requirements for heat preservation are: (1) Look at the chicken's temperature, if the chicks hide their necks and crowd their heads together, it means that the temperature is low, and the temperature should be raised; if the chickens are puffed and frequently drink water, it means that the temperature is too high and slow cooling is needed. When the temperature is appropriate, the chicks are lively, free, and fed normally. (2) Look at Tian Shi Wen, which means that the temperature during the day is low, the temperature at night is high, the temperature in sunny days is low, and the temperature in rainy days is high. The humidity in the first week of humidity is preferably controlled between 75% and 80%. The humidity gradually decreases as the chick ages, and the brooding period is 50%-60%. When the humidity is high, the quicklime can be placed in the house to absorb moisture. When the humidity is low, the humidity may be increased by hanging a soaked sack in the house or placing a basin on the heating furnace. During light brooding, the light time should be gradually shortened as the age increases. Generally 23-24 hours of light in the first 3 days, then reduce it by 1 hour every day, until the use of natural light. The young chicks who drink water should first drink water and then eat. The first drinking water should be warm water, water temperature 18-20 °C, water can be added 5% glucose, electrolytic multidimensional and ciprofloxacin or enrofloxacin and other antibacterial drugs. Eat 2-3 hours after drinking water to eat. The starter diet can use cooked egg yolk or boiled wet chick material, add a variety of vitamins in the material, then use the chick material until the brooding is over. In order to prevent the occurrence of red-bellied golden pheasant lice, the chicks must be cut off. It is advisable to use 7-10 days of age at the age of the offspring. Cutting tools or electric irons can be used to cut off the larvae. Cut off the upper 1/2 and lower 1/3. Two days before and after the switch off, vitamin c, vitamin k3, and electrolysis multidimensional were added to the material to relieve stress. After the chickens were hatched, they were inoculated subcutaneously with Marek’s disease vaccine; 7-10 days old were inoculated intranasally with Newcastle disease virus ii or iv vaccines; 14-16 days old were immunized intranasally with bursal disease vaccine; 23-25 ​​days old Drinking water inoculated with Bursal Disease vaccine; 30-35 days old nasal drops or drinking water inoculated Newcastle disease iv system vaccine; 60-65 days old intramuscular injection of chicken Newcastle disease i-type vaccine or oil adjuvant inactivated vaccine. 7. Black Broiler Broiler Brooding Methods The key to keeping the Broiler Broilers is brooding, and the Brooders must seize the following steps: Insulation: The key to temperature brooding. Newly hatched young chicks have poor insulation and need higher room temperature. On the other hand, because chickens have no sweat glands, they can only adjust their body temperature by breathing air, so room temperature cannot be too high. The temperature of the brooding room is required: 0-1 week old is suitable for 28°C-36°C, 2-3 weeks old is suitable for 26°C-28°C, 4-5 weeks old is suitable for 24°C to 26°C, 5-7 weeks old is suitable for 22°C To 24°C, 8 weeks old is about 20°C. The temperature of brooding should not be cold or hot. To achieve high summer low in winter, high in nighttime, low in daytime, high in sunny and low in cloudy days, low in broiler chickens, and low in weak chickens. The relative humidity of the moisturizing brooding room is 55%-65%, and it is better to avoid high and low. The humidity is too low, the chicken body loses too much water, dust increases, and it is susceptible to respiratory diseases; humidity is too high, surface heat dissipation is difficult, appetite is decreased, disease prevention ability is reduced, litter is easy to mold, and it is easy to induce aspergillosis and coccidiosis . Ventilation: Chickens are sensitive to harmful gases such as ammonia gas and hydrogen sulfide. Therefore, regular ventilation and ventilation are required to ensure indoor air is fresh. The best choice for ventilation is in the midday fine weather. Drinking water: The chicks should drink water within 12-24 hours after hatching, and drink 0.02% potassium permanganate solution within 3 days to clean up the stomach and excrete meconium. Use clean water after 30 days of age. The drinking water temperature is preferably 20-25°C. Feeding: Chicks generally start eating within 24 hours after hatching. Chicks are poorly digested and it is best to feed wet feeds to facilitate feeding and digestion. Feed less to add ground, first coarse after finishing. Sports: Chicks can be released outdoors after 3 days to receive sunlight, and at the same time to prevent frostbite. At the age of 2 weeks, grazing began on a sunny day without wind, and the grazing time gradually increased from short to long. Breeding density: It is advisable that the chicken can fully exercise, eat freely and rest without wasting space in the house. Light: Light can promote chick activity and metabolism, promote appetite, increase indoor temperature, and reduce humidity. During the brooding period, the illumination time was 24 hours in the first week and 19 hours in the second week. Since the 3rd week, the closed house had been lighted for 9 hours per day and the open house had taken natural light. In addition, prevention of epidemics should be done. Eighth, the pheasant brooding secret attention to the safety of the roped chicken box, prevent the loss of more than 2 weeks of pheasant; packing density should be appropriate, anti-crushed casualties; car transport should be tarpaulin, anti-exposure and rain During transportation, keep warm and oxygen (air transport), prevent cold and suffocation, avoid people crowding around and yelling loudly, avoiding colliding with colliding groups; newborn Xingshan chickens should be kept in warm transport within 36 hours, and slaughtered pheasants and pheasants Should be controlled in 24 hours to ensure the survival rate. Note Packing Method The chicks are shipped in broiler shipping cartons, 100 cartons per box, taking care not to wet the cartons. Commercial pheasants are transported in cages. The most reasonable design is: 0.8 meters long, 0.4 meters wide, and 0.22 meters high. 10 per cage. The cage can be made of bamboo, wood, plastic and other materials, and is used in 4 to 5 layers. Must be disinfected after each use. Attention to anti-stress treatment: For pheasants transported for long periods and short distances as introduction purposes, in order to eliminate fatigue as soon as possible and adapt to the new environment, anti-stress medications should be given before the transport of drinking water, and the water should be fed after reaching the destination. Adding vitamins and electrolytes to anti-stress drugs in drinking water, and adding 1-2% of animal feed to feed, use it for two days. At the same time, attention should be paid to observing the epidemic, and if so, it is necessary to promptly treat and control its epidemic. 9. Feeding and management of turkey brooding period Drinking water After the young turkeys are brought into the brooding room, they should be given clean drinking water immediately. From 1 to 3 days old, penicillin and streptomycin can be added to cold boiled water at a dose of penicillin 2000 units/day for 2 times a day, which is very effective in preventing staphylococcal disease and ferret disease in young turkeys. it is good. The number of drinking fountains or sinks should be sufficient, distributed evenly, and of a moderate height to facilitate hatchery applications. According to local practical experience, the appropriate time for the first feeding is 12 to 24 hours after hatching. Feeds should be eaten fresh, moderate grain size, easy to feed, nutritious, easily digestible, commonly used corn crumbs, millet, broken rice, 1 to 2 days after the change feed with the diet. Young turkeys eat spicy food such as onions, garlic sprouts, lettuce, and leeks. They can chop them and chop a small amount and mix them with feed to train young turkeys to feed. These feeds contain the traces necessary for the growth and development of young turkeys. Element - titanium. Shanghai Agricultural University keeps large Nicholas turkeys. The average consumption of 5.41 kilograms per young turkey from 1 to 8 weeks of age, and the feed conversion ratio is 2.04:1. However, the actual consumption of material is related to the hatching season of chicks, the energy level of the diet, the structure of the trough, the feeding method, and the health status of the turkey. Open the food with a shallow flat trough, or spread the feed on a paper that has been sterilized. The broiler room should have a certain degree of light illumination and temperature to facilitate feeding. Ventilation young turkey metabolism is particularly strong, fast breathing, so indoor air must be fresh. Indoors excrement and litter due to moisture rot, often emit a large number of harmful gases, pollute the air, extremely detrimental to the growth and development of young turkeys. When the indoor carbon dioxide concentration reaches 7% to 8%, it can cause choking of young turkeys. Young turkeys are more sensitive to ammonia, and the ammonia concentration in the room should not be higher than 210-5, otherwise it will reduce the disease resistance and cause respiratory diseases. Hydrogen sulfide is more toxic and its concentration should not exceed 110-5. Ten, brood brooding technology brooding is an important part of wolfberry production, if the technology is not well-handed, it will lead to a large number of deaths of 10 to 15 days old chicks. We have explored a set of brooding techniques in practice and are introducing them to quail farmers. Preparation before brooding The brooding room should be thoroughly cleaned before entering the brood and thoroughly disinfected after cleaning. The method is: spraying the ground with 3% of Sur solution, half a day later using virus kill solution (formulated according to the instructions) spray disinfection space, and then replace the bacteria killing solution after 4-6 hours and then spray the disinfection space twice, after three times Sterilize the closed brooding room waiting for use. Food utensils and drinking utensils were soaked in 0.1% permanganic acid solution and soaked for 2 hours. After being taken out, they were rinsed with clean water and placed in the maintenance room for use. No matter what kind of heating method is used, the temperature should be adjusted before entering the brooding room. The more economical approach is to combine coal stoves with electrothermal control systems. Only coal furnace heating, temperature instability, coupled with electric thermostatic control system temperature, you can avoid temperature fluctuations. Before brooding, raise the temperature of the brooding chamber to 39-40°C, stabilize it for 3 days, and adjust the temperature to 35-36°C when entering the chicks. Brooding environment control (1) temperature. Chicks cannot adjust body temperature to adapt to changes in the ambient temperature, and the brood chamber must maintain a suitable temperature. The temperature difference between day and night does not exceed 1°C. The brooding start temperature was 36°C, and it decreased to 34°C after 3 days. After each chickling was increased by 1 week, the temperature in the brooding chamber decreased by 1°C until it was defrosted. After the chicks were introduced into the brooding room, pay attention to the temperature of the young chicks. The chicks were evenly distributed, and the activities and sleep were normal. They did not crush each other, indicating that the temperature was appropriate. If the crowded, it means the temperature was low. (2) Humidity. The humidity in the brooding room is maintained at 60%-70% before 10 days of age. After 10 days of age, the relative humidity of the brooding room should be reduced to about 55%. (3) Ventilation. The brooding room should be kept fresh and must be ventilated. Increase the temperature of the brood chamber by 0.5°C before ventilating and ventilating, and stop ventilation if the temperature drops below 0.5°C below the original temperature during ventilation. (4) Stocking density. There were 80 animals within 10 days of age per square meter, 50 animals aged 11-20 days, 30 animals aged 21-30 days, and 25 animals over 30 days old. (5) Light. The light distribution in the brooding room should be even. 20 hours to 1 week old, 20 to 24 hours of light daily, with light bulbs, intensity 4 watts / square meter. After 1 week, the lighting time for the product was 20 hours; the lighting time for the species was 14 hours and the intensity was 2 watts/square meter. Feeding management (1) drinking water. The first drinking water was performed one hour after the prosthesis was transferred to the incubation room, using a 1/3000 potassium permanganate solution. Freshly hatched chicks do not drink water, and the breeder grabs a robust chick, dips its gills into a sink, dips in water, and after several trainings, it will drink water. This will teach some of the prostitutes, Others will follow the drinking water. Add 5% glucose or brown sugar for the second time and add cod liver oil or vitamin A to avoid anorexia due to vitamin A deficiency. From the 7th day, add supplement 14 and choline chloride in drinking water. Add the amount according to the instructions. 2l to accelerate the acceleration of 17 or 21 to make up 21 days from 21 days in drinking water and add 3 days of erythromycin, add 110 mg per kilogram of water. (2) Feeding. After the first drinking, if one third of the chicks find food, they can eat. In the first 3 days of eating, the egg yolk was beaten and mixed with the cornmeal and steamed. The crushed eggs were sprinkled on plastic or paper and fed less. After eating, they were reared on the basis of the strength of the chicks. The better the navel, the complete abdominal hair is a healthy young; otherwise it is weak. After 3 days, the chicks were fed with compound feed. The formula was 35.5% for corn flour, 26.5% for wheat flour, 28% for soybean meal or peanut meal, 8% for imported fish meal, 1% for bone meal, and 0.5% for trace elements; %, salt 0.2%. Robust young chicks are fed only with the above-mentioned compound feed; young pigs should add a small amount of glucose powder or milk powder to the above feed to supplement their nutrition; for weak chicks, cod liver oil should also be added. From the seventh day, a small amount of garlic powder can be added to the feed, feed it for 3-4 days, stop feeding for 15 days, and feed for 3-4 days until it is ready for slaughter. The number of feedings was 6 times per day within 10 days of age, 2 times in the morning, 2 in the afternoon, 1 in the middle of the night, and 1 in the second half of the night. From 11 days to 4 weeks of age, feed 5 times a day and reduce 1 time in the second half of the night. Feed 3 to 4 times a day after 4 weeks of age. The immunization and deafness of the pigeons were conducted on days 10-12 of the age of the chicken using Newcastle disease or strains of vaccine, intranasally or drinking water. Repeated 25 days. If there are more chicken farms nearby, chicken bursa should be vaccinated. The chicks are cut off at the age of 9-10 days. Cut the scorpion to 1/4 of the nostrils and you cannot vaccinate that day. In the first two days of cutting off, vitamin K was added to the feed, and the poultry was promoted when drinking water for the first to second time.
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