Milk Aflatoxin Source Investigation
Meishan County, Hongya County, has found that fresh milk of retail households has been found to have excessive levels of Aspergillus flavus, which has been dumped. After switching feeds or using mold-removing drugs, it has been detected in aquaculture products found in dairy products. In the past few days, our reporter went to Sichuan Hongya County. The survey found that when the weather is wet, the feed is extremely susceptible to mildew. Once the feed molds, it will contain mycotoxins. For this reason, a "feed additive" for mycotoxins has become popular in recent years. However, experts say that the additives commonly referred to by farmers as "antimycotic agents" do not allow the complete elimination of mycotoxins in cattle. Once mycotoxins enter the bloodstream of cattle, no matter how long they take raw milk, there will still be Mycotoxins.
The news that the strong carcinogen, Aspergillus flavus, has exceeded the standard in milk is being widely concerned by the public. According to the sampling results announced by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Fujian Changfu Pure Milk (produced on October 8th) and Mengniu Sichuan Meishan Factory produced pure milk (October 18th), and aflatoxin M1 was found to be exceeded.
After the incident, feed was considered to be the source of aflatoxin, and individual households were listed as the biggest suspects. Does the feed have been tested before entering the mouth? What are the ways in which fresh milk from retail investors reaches milk companies?
The reporter conducted a survey on the status of free-range dairy cows in Hongya County, Meishan City.
He Tianjun is a dairy farmer in Yangping Village, Hongya County, Meishan City, Sichuan Province.
Recently, two brands of pure milk were detected to have exceeded aflatoxin levels and were followed by He Tianjun.
For more than 20 years of cattle breeding experience, He Tianjun knew that the term aflatoxin was still more than a month ago. At that time, he saw flyers from the milk station, reminding them that the weather was damp and he noted aflatoxins.
Hongya is also a county of milk resources in Southwest China. In the past few years, new dairy products such as New Hope and Jule have been attracted.
According to statistics from the Bureau of Animal Husbandry of Hongya County, as of the end of this year, Hongya County had 45,000 heads of dairy cows in the column, with an annual output of 135,500 tons of fresh milk. A total of 27 dairy farms (grazing lands) were concentrated, with 17,000 heads. The remaining 28,000 cows are scattered in more than 8,000 farmer households, accounting for about 62% of the total.
He Tianjun raised three cows. He now knows that if the cow eats moldy feed, the milk may be drained.
In Hongya County, in response to aflatoxin, the Bureau of Animal Husbandry recommends that dairy farmers feed the medicine. It is understood that dairy cows will not detect aflatoxin exceeding this level after eating this medicine.
Three foods for free-range cattle
Finished feed, fresh grass and hay are the three foods for free-range cattle. The Bureau of Animal Husbandry banned feeding of hay, and the cattle farmers said that on December 27, He Tianjun played mahjong with several other dairy farmers in the house. His cows grazing in the roadside cowshed.
He Tianjun feeds cows and there are 3 kinds of feed sources. One is fresh grass grown in farmland and the other is feed purchased from a nearby feed mill. In addition, there is hay.
The deputy director of the Hongya County Animal Husbandry Bureau, Fu Jialu, stated that in the training of the Animal Husbandry Bureau, it is forbidden to feed hay, and it is easy to mold because of the tide. He Tianjun did not know this news.
Fresh grass is freshly cut. Feed is a mixture, bag factory, mostly in corn, cotton, etc. mainly.
The individual's feed was considered to be the biggest suspected subject of this aflatoxin incident. He Tianjun felt unbelievable. He said that the retailer's feed was purchased from regular manufacturers.
The person in charge of the Da’an milk station in Dongyue Town believes that the amount of feed purchased by the retailer is small and the frequency is large, so it is impossible to accumulate large amounts of feed. Only the ranch will accumulate a large amount of fodder, coupled with the local wet and damp, it will easily lead to mildew.
He Tianjun said that his feed comes from a feed mill in Hongya County, two or three kilometers away. The factory is located in Yangpyeong Village, and many local retailers are customers of the plant.
A person in charge of the communal feed factory stated that it sells 30 to 40 tons of feed daily.
As far as the county is concerned, the scope of choice for feed is larger. “There are Meishan, and there are also Chengdu. Whatever is used.†He Tianjun said that there are multiple feed agents in the area.
On December 28, the villager Wang Xiujun’s home, several bags of feed lie on the concrete floor.
According to the County Animal Husbandry Bureau, Hongya is often wet and the feed is susceptible to mildew and deterioration. Therefore, during the training of farmers, they are required to put a waterproof film on the ground and the feed is 20 centimeters from the ground.
Wang Xiujun and He Tianjun said that they had not received any training and they had been fed cows for a dozen or twenty years. It was the first time they had heard of them.
Several villagers in Yangping Village said that the staff of the Bureau of Animal Husbandry had no visit, whether it was inspection of feed or technical guidance. The person at the veterinarian station comes every year to give the cows an epidemic.
More than a month ago, He Tianjun got a leaflet from the milk station. The above said that the weather was wet recently and aflatoxin was prone to occur, causing fresh milk to exceed the standard. "It is to let us pay more attention to it. We did not say anything."
He Tianjun said that in recent days they only knew the term aflatoxin, and they began to turn their attention to feed.
Feed mill has recently adjusted feed
Several dairy farmers claimed that they had been exposed to aflatoxins in the milk for more than two or three days. After they changed feed, they returned to normal. Wang Xiujun personally handed milk to the milk station every day. This is her and several nearby farmers. Years of habit.
From October onwards, Wang Xiujun and other dairy farmers obviously felt that milk was strictly checked. Only one item of aflatoxin allowed Wang Xiujun’s fresh milk to be dumped for two days in a row.
Wang Xiujun suspected that there was a problem with feed. In early November of this year, she found a feed factory.
"At the beginning, they refused to take the bills. Later, they found more people." Wang Xiujun said, after the feed factory came out and found someone to pull away the fresh milk for the next few days, they did not know where the milk went but they eventually received milk. money.
Liu Xiaoqiang, a manager of the feed factory, said that they did not help farmers sell milk, but they only contacted the milk station and allowed the milk station to be tested. They must also be qualified to sell. If the farmer gets the money, it must be qualified milk.
According to the above-mentioned several dairy farmers, at the beginning of November, a total of feed plants were specifically switched to feed. The remaining bags of feed of Wang Xiujun’s family were replaced. He Tianquan’s family took the old feed to the factory for a new one.
Li Zhijun of Dongyue Village, Hongya County, said that the co-produced feed plant's car had come to his home and asked if he would change the feed. At this time, his family's feed has been fed.
A local milkman stated that he had heard that there was a problem with the feed.
In response, Liu Xiaoqiang of the plant stated that they did not necessarily have to feed into the feed if they changed feed. The aflatoxin incident has caused many retail investors to have panic and doubted feed problems. Dairy farmers demanded a change of feed. They only exchanged food and they were destroyed after the forage was replaced. He said that in previous years there were also exchanges of feed, which is normal.
He Tianquan and a nearby dairy farmer said that they had detected aflatoxin levels in fresh milk for two to three days in succession. After changing feed, they returned to normal.
Wang Xiujun said that after the feed was exchanged, no more than aflatoxin was detected.
He Tianjun did not express any milk for the detection of aflatoxin. He sold the milk to the milk collector.
"Relationship" with the milker
A dairy farmer said that the milk collectors are all related. "Hongya can't sell it and sell it to Ya'an. Meishan also has it."
The milk collector has developed into a business in the local area. In the past two years, with the presence of several dairy companies, the milk source in Hongya County has become tight. He Tianjun estimates that no more than 100 people will be recruited.
He's wife said that in order to win milk, the milk collectors had purchased milk at home prices higher than the purchase price of milk stations in the past two years, and the price has remained flat or slightly lower than that of the milk station.
On the morning of December 28th, the reporter saw a group of three people driving four-wheeled trucks carrying dozens of milk drums and collecting milk. The owner said that his customers have more than 50. He said that there are dozens of cars (trucks) that are locally collected.
He still insists on the habit of milking early in the morning. After squeezing milk, he only had to fill the bucket full of milk to his doorstep. At 7 or 8 in the morning, there will always be a milk car to take his milk and record the time and weight.
He Tianjun can sell milk to any milk collector and is a familiar local. He did not know where the milk was sold.
He Tianjun said that the milk collectors are all "according to the relationship to eat," and milk can be sold. "They have a relationship. Hongya can't sell it and sell it to Ya'an. Meishan also has it."
The recruiter Ou Wanbing was responsible for dozens of farmers. Which milk station's price is high, where he will send the milk.
Ou Wanbing said that after they collected milk from dairy farmers, they were almost equal to the milk station.
However, the number of dairy farmers determines his income. Ou Wanbing said that his income does not come from dairy farmers, but milk stations. After passing the inspection, he received a shipping fee of between five and two hairs per kilogram. The unit price of freight is calculated in terms of total amount, and the amount paid is more, and the money will rise.
There are also milk collectors who say that the price they pay for milk is higher than the price.
The deputy director of the Hongya County Animal Husbandry Bureau, Fu Jiajun, said that according to his understanding, some people have been sent to milk stations entrusted by dairy farmers, and each person operates three or five households and charges a certain amount of freight. This solves the problem of many elderly and less labor-intensive families. Trouble.
He said that the agency currently has a total of 30 large milk tankers for operating licenses, and other milk collectors are not within the scope of supervision. As for their operating licenses, health certificates and operating practices, they have not been incorporated into the management.
Wei Caixiang, head of the Fresh Milk Quality Management Station of the Hongya County Bureau of Animal Husbandry, said that there have been many phenomena of collecting milk before and they have to fight dozens of times a year. These two years are relatively small. Once they are reported, they will be traced immediately.
According to Fu Jiachao, if these milk collectors buy and sell, they are illegally operating. The milk is finally delivered to the milk station. If the milk station fails the inspection, it cannot be traded.
Milk station does not detect Aspergillus flavus
The milk station will carry out basic tests such as nutritional composition, but it has no ability to detect aflatoxin. Hongya County has 28 milk stations. According to Wei Caixiang, 7 of them are milk stations for enterprises, 12 are milk collection stations for Jule Dairy Company, and 9 are milk stations for cooperatives.
The majority of retail investors signed a purchase agreement with the milk station. After the milk station concentrated milk from the retailer, it was handed over to the dairy company.
According to reports, after the milk collection, the milk station will do basic tests and collect a can of milk sample in a plastic jar. Rapid detection of protein, acidity, etc., to determine whether the nutrients are qualified and whether they are deteriorating. However, these milk stations did not have the ability to detect aflatoxins. This is the case when milk is sent to a dairy company for testing.
The general milk station of the military and township has signed about 100 free-range households. A milkman at the milk station said that he did not know what the aflatoxin was and what harm it was.
After passing the test, small cans of milk will be retained for about 3 days. The milk of different dairy farmers was poured into a large milk tank and then transported to a dairy company by a tanker.
On December 29th, a milk worker at the General Milk Station stated that the dairy company had a rapid detection mechanism. The results are generally 20 minutes, and precision testing can yield results for almost 4 hours.
The milkman said that if the test is qualified, the milk will enter the processing stage and the dairy farmers will receive the money. However, if excessive levels of aflatoxins, antibiotics, etc. are found, the whole can of milk will be drained and the farmers will not receive the money.
The small cans of milk left at the milk station will serve as the basis for the countdown. Each number above represents a dairy farmer.
Wei Caixiang said that every milk station has an on-site supervisor who is dispatched by the Animal Husbandry Bureau. He said that the Bureau of Animal Husbandry also has difficulty in supervising raw milk, and some farms do not cooperate with the Bureau of Animal Husbandry, and even do not allow livestock personnel to enter the field for sampling.
According to Wei Caixiang, the production, storage, and management of fresh milk belonged to the Bureau of Livestock Husbandry. Fresh milk enters the company's factory and belongs to the quality supervision department.
Aspergillus watershed
Oo Bingbing, the milk collector, said that he had been engaged in milk collection for more than 10 years and had never been over-prepared due to excessive levels of A. flavus. After October of this year, Wei Caixiang was thrown out of 8 barrels. In March of this year, when they were spot-checked in the province, they learned that aflatoxin was a mandatory item and that they paid attention.
The deputy director of the Hongya County Animal Husbandry Bureau, Fu Jiajun, stated that after March of this year, they requested feed processing plants in the county to purchase testing equipment to conduct self-inspection on processed feed.
Liu Xiaoqiang, a manager of the feed factory, said that their equipment was purchased in the first half of the year and it cost 39,000. It has been tested seven or eight times this year. Every time raw materials are tested, they are tested at the factory. However, due to the limited technical staff, the result of the inspection is not very accurate. After each test, you must get a new hope company re-inspection.
Liu Xiaoqiang also claimed that the factory's testing equipment had a fault in the middle and the display did not display data. There was a period of exchange of maintenance equipment.
Fu Jiajun said that on October 25 this year, the county carried out the third targeted training. Among the participants, there are feed factory personnel, dairy community personnel and retail household representatives. In several training sessions, the storage and identification of forage materials were mentioned several times.
In the notice of Sichuan Jule Food Co., Ltd. posted on the milk station, it is strictly forbidden to add self-ingredients (especially corn flour) during the feeding of dairy cows. “Because self-ingredients can easily cause excessive levels of aflatoxin in milk.â€
Previously, on October 19, the Hongya County Animal Husbandry Bureau received a notice from the Bureau of Animal Husbandry of Meishan City that the document was “Emergency Notice on Monitoring Aflatoxin in Fresh Milk†and the document level was “secretâ€. It is pointed out that the seasonal changes in the recent milky cows have a high possibility of moldy mildew, and the prohibition of the sale of aflatoxin exceeding the national standard is mandatory. The document emphasized the aflatoxin reporting system.
Fu Jiajun said that this is the first time that the higher authorities issued an emergency notice on aflatoxin.
Oi Wanbing, the milk collector, said that the obvious change came after October. He has been engaged in milk collection for more than 10 years and no fresh milk was dumped due to aflatoxin levels before October this year. After October, 8 barrels of milk were drained.
Popular red fungicide
The Hongya County Bureau of Animal Husbandry said that they recommended the use of mildew-killing drugs to cattle farmers, but it is not mandatory to buy Li Zhijun, a villager in Dongyue Village, Hongya County. He said that since October, he has seen dairy farmers' milk being poured because of substandard Lost situation.
In October, when he was milking at the milk station, he heard about a drug. According to the people at the milk station, the cow had taken this medicine, and the milk could not detect aflatoxin. He bought it at a price of 50 yuan per catty, a brown powder with no outer packaging.
A survey by the reporter found that this is a mildewing drug. Yesterday, a dairy farmer said, "I heard that it was fed by the Bureau of Animal Husbandry." He said that he bought medicine from the milk station.
The staff of the General Milk Station stated that it is the requirements of the County Animal Husbandry Bureau to feed the cattle with mildew-reducing drugs. The milk station has entered a total of 50 pounds of powdered powder, which has been subsidized at a price of 35 yuan per catty.
Next to the milk station, a veterinary drug store is selling two kinds of medicines called "Nectomycin" and "Demycotic Gold." The pharmacy official said that in recent months, they have begun to sell drugs that are specially designed to prevent mildew and have not been sold before. Drugs are mainly supplied to retail investors and a cattle farm. He heard that some feed mills and cattle farms are now adding their own mold-removing drugs.
Li Zhijun and the pharmacy staff said that in addition to drug distributors, veterinary drug stores, and milk stations, there are some feed distributors that are also managing moldy drugs.
For Li Zhijun's purchase of moldy mildew powder, a person in charge of the Hongya County Bureau of Livestock Husbandry said that this was the drug recommended by the County Bureau of Animal Husbandry to dairy farmers. The milk station is not over-ranged, but it is convenient for dairy farmers.
The person in charge said that in October, a drug dealer found him and recommended him this medicine, saying that the effect of aflatoxin is good. The counterparty provided a copy of a "registration permit" and two leaflets.
He also heard that a dairy cow was using this medicine and he got a "good" reply.
He said that at the training meeting of the Bureau of Animal Husbandry, he recommended the drug and did not force it.
Wei Caixiang said that they believe that all standards-compliant, mildew-killing medicines can allow the detection of aflatoxin in milk to be used.
The staff of the General Milk Station stated that the detection value of aflatoxin in milk dropped from more than 300 to more than 200 after the powder was added to the feed of dairy households. The limit value of the national standard was 500 (ng/kg).
On December 27, Li Zhijun still had half a pound of powdered powder at home. He still does not know what the name of this medicine is and how it works. He said that he and many farmers around him have bought this medicine. Fresh milk also successfully passed the test.
After the discovery of aflatoxin in dairy products, reporters visited Hongya County in Sichuan in the past few days and discovered that since October, milk provided by some dairy farmers was dumped due to unqualified.
Later, there were milk station personnel recommending a brown powdered additive to dairy farmers and cattle farms, saying that dairy cows ate, and no aflatoxin exceedance was detected in the milk, ie, “de-mycoticâ€.
What is the anti-mould agent? Why do dairy farmers and cattle farms use this additive? Will it affect the quality of raw milk? Is its composition harmful to the human body?
Moldy feed is prone to mycotoxin
Taking aflatoxin as an example, 1 milligram per kilogram is extremely toxic and can induce liver cancer. It is one of the most potent carcinogens discovered so far in the southern rainy season, and moldy feed is a common occurrence.
Even in the dry north, the feed is susceptible to mildew if it encounters rain during the drying process.
Zhang Haijun, a research associate at the Feed Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said that once the feed molds, it will contain mycotoxins.
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced during the growth and propagation of certain molds on grains or feedstuffs. Toxins can be produced during the growth of cereals, the manufacture, storage and transportation of feed.
Research shows that the six major toxins that currently harm cereal feeds are: aflatoxin, vomitoxin, fumonisin, ochratoxin, T2 toxin, and zearalenone.
"The most dangerous thing is that some mycotoxins cannot be identified with the naked eye. To the extent that the naked eye sees mildew, mycotoxins have become quite serious." Zhang Haijun said that the harmful effects of mycotoxins are considerable.
Taking aflatoxin as an example, 1 mg per kilogram is extremely toxic and can induce liver cancer. It is one of the most potent carcinogens found so far. Its toxicity is 10 times that of potassium cyanide and 68 times that of arsenic.
It is reported that aflatoxin M1 was designated as a carcinogen by the World Health Organization’s Cancer Research Institute in 1993.
The toxin is very heat-resistant and will not be destroyed when heated to 280°C. Therefore, as long as it contains milk, it will not be removed. Ultraviolet rays can only be destroyed in small amounts.
Acute poisoning after eating can cause nausea, vomiting, jaundice, and liver pain.
The data shows that mycotoxins in feed are common in China.
Dr. Yan Zhigang, a doctor of animal nutrition at the University of New England, made a report on mycotoxin contamination in feed and feed ingredients in China from 2006 to 2007.
According to the report, 225 samples tested showed that corn, full-priced feed, corn by-products, and dairy cows mixed feed, and the 6 kinds of mycotoxins detection rate of silage reached an average of 93.2%. This includes dairy cattle mixed feed.
Anti-mould agent can remove mycotoxin
In 2008, the mold-removing agent became a feed additive allowed by the Ministry of Agriculture. As a result of mycotoxin in the feed, a "feed additive" for mycotoxins became popular in recent years. Farmers are commonly known as "de-mycotic agents" and are known in the industry. "Mycotoxins detoxifiers."
The industry believes that the mycotoxin's large-scale impact on China was in 2003. In that year, due to El Niño phenomenon and other reasons, the global climate was abnormal, the mycotoxin broke out, the feed quality declined, and diseases in the breeding industry were frequent.
Since then, China has gradually attached importance to the study of mycotoxins.
Professor Ji Cheng of the College of Animal Science and Technology of China Agricultural University introduced that in the 1950s, the aquaculture industry used the alkali and hydrogen peroxide treatments to detoxify, but it destroyed nutrients and affected palatability. Animals did not like to eat.
Subsequently, a physical method-based mold-removing agent began to be widely used.
In 2008, the mold-removing agent became a feed additive allowed by the Ministry of Agriculture. In the Catalogue of Feed Additives No. 1126 promulgated by the Ministry of Agriculture in 2008, "preservatives" and "antifungal agents" were included.
Zhang Haijun estimates that at present, about 80% of the domestic farms are using mold-killing agents. Some farmers have insisted on the use of mold-removing agents in order to prevent them from developing, and they will not see moldy feed in the naked eye.
The mold-removing agent on the market can be divided into many types, such as mineral adsorbent, yeast cell wall, microorganisms, enzyme preparations, and blends. Zhang Haijun said that in China, the use rate of the mold remover for mineral adsorbents is the highest. For example: hydrated aluminosilicates, bentonite, montmorillonite, etc.
This method of use is to add substances that can adsorb mycotoxins in the feed so that the toxins are not absorbed by the animals when they pass through the animal's intestine and are directly excreted. Jicheng said that the mineral adsorbent type mold-removing agent will not be absorbed by cattle, will not produce harmful substances, and will not cause harm to drinkers.
Anti-mould agent or "off" is not clean
In addition to the mycotoxin in the feed, the mold-removing agent also adsorbs some of the vitamins and trace elements in the feed. At the same time, can the mycotoxin in the feed be completely destroyed after the use of the demycotic agent with limited adsorption?
In the domestic market of the mold-eliciting agent, the concept of various manufacturers is now prevalent, and billboards are widely used, promising to completely solve the problem of excessive mold in milk.
On December 28th, a salesperson from a manufacturer of mold release agents in Zhengzhou told reporters that the company's production of mildew (a kind of demycotic agent) was mainly composed of montmorillonite, and 1 kg was sold for 80 yuan. Mix 2-4 tons of feed.
The salesman declared that the product is a "de-mold agent for dairy cows that has been adsorbed, degraded, converted, and inactivated to completely solve the problem of excessive fungal contamination in milk."
On the previous day, Ji Cheng said that the mineral adsorbent type mold-removing agent that is popular on the market at the same time adsorbed mycotoxins in the feed and also absorbed some vitamins and trace elements in the feed.
"The most critical point is that most of the mineral adsorbent-like mold-removing agents can only adsorb one type of toxin and the adsorption is limited." For example, montmorillonite has a good effect on the adsorption of aflatoxin, but it is effective against vomitoxin and fumonisin. The adsorption effect of toxins is not good.
Ji Cheng said that the industry is still studying the methods of detoxification such as microbial degradation, some of which have been put into use, but the technology is not perfect.
Mycotoxins will fall off in the rumen
Can the mycotoxin in cattle completely disappear? Expert Wang Linfeng said, "It is very difficult to completely disappear."
The feed that has been treated with the mold-killing agent enters the bovine body and is not “failsafeâ€. The mycotoxin attached to the mold-removing agent may also fall off again. The final animal's milk contains this ingredient.
Unlike pigs and poultry, cows are ruminants. Ji Cheng explained that the rumen is the first stomach of the ruminant and has a large reserve of rumen, which cannot be completely discharged in a day or two. After the mycotoxin is adsorbed by the mold-removing agent, it is likely to fall off in the rumen where the moisture content is large.
In this way, the mycotoxins that have fallen off in the rumen are absorbed by the blood through the rumen, and are then secreted by the breast. Finally, the cow's raw milk will contain mycotoxins.
Yesterday, Wang Linfeng, an associate professor at the College of Animal Husbandry and Engineering at Henan Agricultural University, said that if dairy cows eat moldy feed, they stop immediately and then eat feed containing no mycotoxins. Slowly, the liver and kidneys of cattle will catabolize and excrete part of their metabolism. Mycotoxins. In this way, the mycotoxins contained in the blood of the cow will be reduced, and the mycotoxin contained in the raw milk will be less, and the test result will not be exceeded.
So, will the mycotoxin in cattle disappear completely? Wang Linfeng said that it takes a long time to feed cattle with feed containing no mycotoxins, and it also depends on the condition of the cattle itself. "It is very difficult to completely disappear."
Professor Ji Cheng of the College of Animal Science and Technology at China Agricultural University believes that once mycotoxins enter the bloodstream of cattle, they will not disappear, and mycotoxin will continue to grow regardless of how long it takes.
The detection process still needs improvement
In the feed procurement sector, the use of mycotoxin was detected in a relatively modest manner. On December 28th, Zhou Bo, a company director specializing in the import of additives in Hong Kong, said that he had visited several farms in Europe. He found that the contamination of mycotoxins is a global issue. In addition, mold-removing agents are widely used abroad, but there are fewer problems with milk.
Zhou Bo suggested that China should further standardize the testing indicators, and should not rely solely on the self-discipline of dairy product companies. "The efforts of the regulatory authorities are even more important."
After the aflatoxin incident, the AQSIQ requested all dairy products manufacturers to strengthen raw milk monitoring. The raw milk must be tested for the aflatoxin M1 project, and strict quality control of all aspects of production and processing.
However, mycotoxin testing in the feed procurement sector has not always been able to keep up.
Zhang Haijun found that mycotoxin detection was used less frequently in the feed procurement process. The kit is used to test the presence of mycotoxins in the feed sample. The test requires two or three hundred yuan. Most feed buyers are judged on the basis of experience and are rarely willing to pay for the inspection fee. Smaller farmers are even less conscious of detection.
Meishan County, Hongya County, has found that fresh milk of retail households has been found to have excessive levels of Aspergillus flavus, which has been dumped. After switching feeds or using mold-removing drugs, it has been detected in aquaculture products found in dairy products. In the past few days, our reporter went to Sichuan Hongya County. The survey found that when the weather is wet, the feed is extremely susceptible to mildew. Once the feed molds, it will contain mycotoxins. For this reason, a "feed additive" for mycotoxins has become popular in recent years. However, experts say that the additives commonly referred to by farmers as "antimycotic agents" do not allow the complete elimination of mycotoxins in cattle. Once mycotoxins enter the bloodstream of cattle, no matter how long they take raw milk, there will still be Mycotoxins.
The news that the strong carcinogen, Aspergillus flavus, has exceeded the standard in milk is being widely concerned by the public. According to the sampling results announced by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China, Fujian Changfu Pure Milk (produced on October 8th) and Mengniu Sichuan Meishan Factory produced pure milk (October 18th), and aflatoxin M1 was found to be exceeded.
After the incident, feed was considered to be the source of aflatoxin, and individual households were listed as the biggest suspects. Does the feed have been tested before entering the mouth? What are the ways in which fresh milk from retail investors reaches milk companies?
The reporter conducted a survey on the status of free-range dairy cows in Hongya County, Meishan City.
He Tianjun is a dairy farmer in Yangping Village, Hongya County, Meishan City, Sichuan Province.
Recently, two brands of pure milk were detected to have exceeded aflatoxin levels and were followed by He Tianjun.
For more than 20 years of cattle breeding experience, He Tianjun knew that the term aflatoxin was still more than a month ago. At that time, he saw flyers from the milk station, reminding them that the weather was damp and he noted aflatoxins.
Hongya is also a county of milk resources in Southwest China. In the past few years, new dairy products such as New Hope and Jule have been attracted.
According to statistics from the Bureau of Animal Husbandry of Hongya County, as of the end of this year, Hongya County had 45,000 heads of dairy cows in the column, with an annual output of 135,500 tons of fresh milk. A total of 27 dairy farms (grazing lands) were concentrated, with 17,000 heads. The remaining 28,000 cows are scattered in more than 8,000 farmer households, accounting for about 62% of the total.
He Tianjun raised three cows. He now knows that if the cow eats moldy feed, the milk may be drained.
In Hongya County, in response to aflatoxin, the Bureau of Animal Husbandry recommends that dairy farmers feed the medicine. It is understood that dairy cows will not detect aflatoxin exceeding this level after eating this medicine.
Three foods for free-range cattle
Finished feed, fresh grass and hay are the three foods for free-range cattle. The Bureau of Animal Husbandry banned feeding of hay, and the cattle farmers said that on December 27, He Tianjun played mahjong with several other dairy farmers in the house. His cows grazing in the roadside cowshed.
He Tianjun feeds cows and there are 3 kinds of feed sources. One is fresh grass grown in farmland and the other is feed purchased from a nearby feed mill. In addition, there is hay.
The deputy director of the Hongya County Animal Husbandry Bureau, Fu Jialu, stated that in the training of the Animal Husbandry Bureau, it is forbidden to feed hay, and it is easy to mold because of the tide. He Tianjun did not know this news.
Fresh grass is freshly cut. Feed is a mixture, bag factory, mostly in corn, cotton, etc. mainly.
The individual's feed was considered to be the biggest suspected subject of this aflatoxin incident. He Tianjun felt unbelievable. He said that the retailer's feed was purchased from regular manufacturers.
The person in charge of the Da’an milk station in Dongyue Town believes that the amount of feed purchased by the retailer is small and the frequency is large, so it is impossible to accumulate large amounts of feed. Only the ranch will accumulate a large amount of fodder, coupled with the local wet and damp, it will easily lead to mildew.
He Tianjun said that his feed comes from a feed mill in Hongya County, two or three kilometers away. The factory is located in Yangpyeong Village, and many local retailers are customers of the plant.
A person in charge of the communal feed factory stated that it sells 30 to 40 tons of feed daily.
As far as the county is concerned, the scope of choice for feed is larger. “There are Meishan, and there are also Chengdu. Whatever is used.†He Tianjun said that there are multiple feed agents in the area.
On December 28, the villager Wang Xiujun’s home, several bags of feed lie on the concrete floor.
According to the County Animal Husbandry Bureau, Hongya is often wet and the feed is susceptible to mildew and deterioration. Therefore, during the training of farmers, they are required to put a waterproof film on the ground and the feed is 20 centimeters from the ground.
Wang Xiujun and He Tianjun said that they had not received any training and they had been fed cows for a dozen or twenty years. It was the first time they had heard of them.
Several villagers in Yangping Village said that the staff of the Bureau of Animal Husbandry had no visit, whether it was inspection of feed or technical guidance. The person at the veterinarian station comes every year to give the cows an epidemic.
More than a month ago, He Tianjun got a leaflet from the milk station. The above said that the weather was wet recently and aflatoxin was prone to occur, causing fresh milk to exceed the standard. "It is to let us pay more attention to it. We did not say anything."
He Tianjun said that in recent days they only knew the term aflatoxin, and they began to turn their attention to feed.
Feed mill has recently adjusted feed
Several dairy farmers claimed that they had been exposed to aflatoxins in the milk for more than two or three days. After they changed feed, they returned to normal. Wang Xiujun personally handed milk to the milk station every day. This is her and several nearby farmers. Years of habit.
From October onwards, Wang Xiujun and other dairy farmers obviously felt that milk was strictly checked. Only one item of aflatoxin allowed Wang Xiujun’s fresh milk to be dumped for two days in a row.
Wang Xiujun suspected that there was a problem with feed. In early November of this year, she found a feed factory.
"At the beginning, they refused to take the bills. Later, they found more people." Wang Xiujun said, after the feed factory came out and found someone to pull away the fresh milk for the next few days, they did not know where the milk went but they eventually received milk. money.
Liu Xiaoqiang, a manager of the feed factory, said that they did not help farmers sell milk, but they only contacted the milk station and allowed the milk station to be tested. They must also be qualified to sell. If the farmer gets the money, it must be qualified milk.
According to the above-mentioned several dairy farmers, at the beginning of November, a total of feed plants were specifically switched to feed. The remaining bags of feed of Wang Xiujun’s family were replaced. He Tianquan’s family took the old feed to the factory for a new one.
Li Zhijun of Dongyue Village, Hongya County, said that the co-produced feed plant's car had come to his home and asked if he would change the feed. At this time, his family's feed has been fed.
A local milkman stated that he had heard that there was a problem with the feed.
In response, Liu Xiaoqiang of the plant stated that they did not necessarily have to feed into the feed if they changed feed. The aflatoxin incident has caused many retail investors to have panic and doubted feed problems. Dairy farmers demanded a change of feed. They only exchanged food and they were destroyed after the forage was replaced. He said that in previous years there were also exchanges of feed, which is normal.
He Tianquan and a nearby dairy farmer said that they had detected aflatoxin levels in fresh milk for two to three days in succession. After changing feed, they returned to normal.
Wang Xiujun said that after the feed was exchanged, no more than aflatoxin was detected.
He Tianjun did not express any milk for the detection of aflatoxin. He sold the milk to the milk collector.
"Relationship" with the milker
A dairy farmer said that the milk collectors are all related. "Hongya can't sell it and sell it to Ya'an. Meishan also has it."
The milk collector has developed into a business in the local area. In the past two years, with the presence of several dairy companies, the milk source in Hongya County has become tight. He Tianjun estimates that no more than 100 people will be recruited.
He's wife said that in order to win milk, the milk collectors had purchased milk at home prices higher than the purchase price of milk stations in the past two years, and the price has remained flat or slightly lower than that of the milk station.
On the morning of December 28th, the reporter saw a group of three people driving four-wheeled trucks carrying dozens of milk drums and collecting milk. The owner said that his customers have more than 50. He said that there are dozens of cars (trucks) that are locally collected.
He still insists on the habit of milking early in the morning. After squeezing milk, he only had to fill the bucket full of milk to his doorstep. At 7 or 8 in the morning, there will always be a milk car to take his milk and record the time and weight.
He Tianjun can sell milk to any milk collector and is a familiar local. He did not know where the milk was sold.
He Tianjun said that the milk collectors are all "according to the relationship to eat," and milk can be sold. "They have a relationship. Hongya can't sell it and sell it to Ya'an. Meishan also has it."
The recruiter Ou Wanbing was responsible for dozens of farmers. Which milk station's price is high, where he will send the milk.
Ou Wanbing said that after they collected milk from dairy farmers, they were almost equal to the milk station.
However, the number of dairy farmers determines his income. Ou Wanbing said that his income does not come from dairy farmers, but milk stations. After passing the inspection, he received a shipping fee of between five and two hairs per kilogram. The unit price of freight is calculated in terms of total amount, and the amount paid is more, and the money will rise.
There are also milk collectors who say that the price they pay for milk is higher than the price.
The deputy director of the Hongya County Animal Husbandry Bureau, Fu Jiajun, said that according to his understanding, some people have been sent to milk stations entrusted by dairy farmers, and each person operates three or five households and charges a certain amount of freight. This solves the problem of many elderly and less labor-intensive families. Trouble.
He said that the agency currently has a total of 30 large milk tankers for operating licenses, and other milk collectors are not within the scope of supervision. As for their operating licenses, health certificates and operating practices, they have not been incorporated into the management.
Wei Caixiang, head of the Fresh Milk Quality Management Station of the Hongya County Bureau of Animal Husbandry, said that there have been many phenomena of collecting milk before and they have to fight dozens of times a year. These two years are relatively small. Once they are reported, they will be traced immediately.
According to Fu Jiachao, if these milk collectors buy and sell, they are illegally operating. The milk is finally delivered to the milk station. If the milk station fails the inspection, it cannot be traded.
Milk station does not detect Aspergillus flavus
The milk station will carry out basic tests such as nutritional composition, but it has no ability to detect aflatoxin. Hongya County has 28 milk stations. According to Wei Caixiang, 7 of them are milk stations for enterprises, 12 are milk collection stations for Jule Dairy Company, and 9 are milk stations for cooperatives.
The majority of retail investors signed a purchase agreement with the milk station. After the milk station concentrated milk from the retailer, it was handed over to the dairy company.
According to reports, after the milk collection, the milk station will do basic tests and collect a can of milk sample in a plastic jar. Rapid detection of protein, acidity, etc., to determine whether the nutrients are qualified and whether they are deteriorating. However, these milk stations did not have the ability to detect aflatoxins. This is the case when milk is sent to a dairy company for testing.
The general milk station of the military and township has signed about 100 free-range households. A milkman at the milk station said that he did not know what the aflatoxin was and what harm it was.
After passing the test, small cans of milk will be retained for about 3 days. The milk of different dairy farmers was poured into a large milk tank and then transported to a dairy company by a tanker.
On December 29th, a milk worker at the General Milk Station stated that the dairy company had a rapid detection mechanism. The results are generally 20 minutes, and precision testing can yield results for almost 4 hours.
The milkman said that if the test is qualified, the milk will enter the processing stage and the dairy farmers will receive the money. However, if excessive levels of aflatoxins, antibiotics, etc. are found, the whole can of milk will be drained and the farmers will not receive the money.
The small cans of milk left at the milk station will serve as the basis for the countdown. Each number above represents a dairy farmer.
Wei Caixiang said that every milk station has an on-site supervisor who is dispatched by the Animal Husbandry Bureau. He said that the Bureau of Animal Husbandry also has difficulty in supervising raw milk, and some farms do not cooperate with the Bureau of Animal Husbandry, and even do not allow livestock personnel to enter the field for sampling.
According to Wei Caixiang, the production, storage, and management of fresh milk belonged to the Bureau of Livestock Husbandry. Fresh milk enters the company's factory and belongs to the quality supervision department.
Aspergillus watershed
Oo Bingbing, the milk collector, said that he had been engaged in milk collection for more than 10 years and had never been over-prepared due to excessive levels of A. flavus. After October of this year, Wei Caixiang was thrown out of 8 barrels. In March of this year, when they were spot-checked in the province, they learned that aflatoxin was a mandatory item and that they paid attention.
The deputy director of the Hongya County Animal Husbandry Bureau, Fu Jiajun, stated that after March of this year, they requested feed processing plants in the county to purchase testing equipment to conduct self-inspection on processed feed.
Liu Xiaoqiang, a manager of the feed factory, said that their equipment was purchased in the first half of the year and it cost 39,000. It has been tested seven or eight times this year. Every time raw materials are tested, they are tested at the factory. However, due to the limited technical staff, the result of the inspection is not very accurate. After each test, you must get a new hope company re-inspection.
Liu Xiaoqiang also claimed that the factory's testing equipment had a fault in the middle and the display did not display data. There was a period of exchange of maintenance equipment.
Fu Jiajun said that on October 25 this year, the county carried out the third targeted training. Among the participants, there are feed factory personnel, dairy community personnel and retail household representatives. In several training sessions, the storage and identification of forage materials were mentioned several times.
In the notice of Sichuan Jule Food Co., Ltd. posted on the milk station, it is strictly forbidden to add self-ingredients (especially corn flour) during the feeding of dairy cows. “Because self-ingredients can easily cause excessive levels of aflatoxin in milk.â€
Previously, on October 19, the Hongya County Animal Husbandry Bureau received a notice from the Bureau of Animal Husbandry of Meishan City that the document was “Emergency Notice on Monitoring Aflatoxin in Fresh Milk†and the document level was “secretâ€. It is pointed out that the seasonal changes in the recent milky cows have a high possibility of moldy mildew, and the prohibition of the sale of aflatoxin exceeding the national standard is mandatory. The document emphasized the aflatoxin reporting system.
Fu Jiajun said that this is the first time that the higher authorities issued an emergency notice on aflatoxin.
Oi Wanbing, the milk collector, said that the obvious change came after October. He has been engaged in milk collection for more than 10 years and no fresh milk was dumped due to aflatoxin levels before October this year. After October, 8 barrels of milk were drained.
Popular red fungicide
The Hongya County Bureau of Animal Husbandry said that they recommended the use of mildew-killing drugs to cattle farmers, but it is not mandatory to buy Li Zhijun, a villager in Dongyue Village, Hongya County. He said that since October, he has seen dairy farmers' milk being poured because of substandard Lost situation.
In October, when he was milking at the milk station, he heard about a drug. According to the people at the milk station, the cow had taken this medicine, and the milk could not detect aflatoxin. He bought it at a price of 50 yuan per catty, a brown powder with no outer packaging.
A survey by the reporter found that this is a mildewing drug. Yesterday, a dairy farmer said, "I heard that it was fed by the Bureau of Animal Husbandry." He said that he bought medicine from the milk station.
The staff of the General Milk Station stated that it is the requirements of the County Animal Husbandry Bureau to feed the cattle with mildew-reducing drugs. The milk station has entered a total of 50 pounds of powdered powder, which has been subsidized at a price of 35 yuan per catty.
Next to the milk station, a veterinary drug store is selling two kinds of medicines called "Nectomycin" and "Demycotic Gold." The pharmacy official said that in recent months, they have begun to sell drugs that are specially designed to prevent mildew and have not been sold before. Drugs are mainly supplied to retail investors and a cattle farm. He heard that some feed mills and cattle farms are now adding their own mold-removing drugs.
Li Zhijun and the pharmacy staff said that in addition to drug distributors, veterinary drug stores, and milk stations, there are some feed distributors that are also managing moldy drugs.
For Li Zhijun's purchase of moldy mildew powder, a person in charge of the Hongya County Bureau of Livestock Husbandry said that this was the drug recommended by the County Bureau of Animal Husbandry to dairy farmers. The milk station is not over-ranged, but it is convenient for dairy farmers.
The person in charge said that in October, a drug dealer found him and recommended him this medicine, saying that the effect of aflatoxin is good. The counterparty provided a copy of a "registration permit" and two leaflets.
He also heard that a dairy cow was using this medicine and he got a "good" reply.
He said that at the training meeting of the Bureau of Animal Husbandry, he recommended the drug and did not force it.
Wei Caixiang said that they believe that all standards-compliant, mildew-killing medicines can allow the detection of aflatoxin in milk to be used.
The staff of the General Milk Station stated that the detection value of aflatoxin in milk dropped from more than 300 to more than 200 after the powder was added to the feed of dairy households. The limit value of the national standard was 500 (ng/kg).
On December 27, Li Zhijun still had half a pound of powdered powder at home. He still does not know what the name of this medicine is and how it works. He said that he and many farmers around him have bought this medicine. Fresh milk also successfully passed the test.
After the discovery of aflatoxin in dairy products, reporters visited Hongya County in Sichuan in the past few days and discovered that since October, milk provided by some dairy farmers was dumped due to unqualified.
Later, there were milk station personnel recommending a brown powdered additive to dairy farmers and cattle farms, saying that dairy cows ate, and no aflatoxin exceedance was detected in the milk, ie, “de-mycoticâ€.
What is the anti-mould agent? Why do dairy farmers and cattle farms use this additive? Will it affect the quality of raw milk? Is its composition harmful to the human body?
Moldy feed is prone to mycotoxin
Taking aflatoxin as an example, 1 milligram per kilogram is extremely toxic and can induce liver cancer. It is one of the most potent carcinogens discovered so far in the southern rainy season, and moldy feed is a common occurrence.
Even in the dry north, the feed is susceptible to mildew if it encounters rain during the drying process.
Zhang Haijun, a research associate at the Feed Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said that once the feed molds, it will contain mycotoxins.
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced during the growth and propagation of certain molds on grains or feedstuffs. Toxins can be produced during the growth of cereals, the manufacture, storage and transportation of feed.
Research shows that the six major toxins that currently harm cereal feeds are: aflatoxin, vomitoxin, fumonisin, ochratoxin, T2 toxin, and zearalenone.
"The most dangerous thing is that some mycotoxins cannot be identified with the naked eye. To the extent that the naked eye sees mildew, mycotoxins have become quite serious." Zhang Haijun said that the harmful effects of mycotoxins are considerable.
Taking aflatoxin as an example, 1 mg per kilogram is extremely toxic and can induce liver cancer. It is one of the most potent carcinogens found so far. Its toxicity is 10 times that of potassium cyanide and 68 times that of arsenic.
It is reported that aflatoxin M1 was designated as a carcinogen by the World Health Organization’s Cancer Research Institute in 1993.
The toxin is very heat-resistant and will not be destroyed when heated to 280°C. Therefore, as long as it contains milk, it will not be removed. Ultraviolet rays can only be destroyed in small amounts.
Acute poisoning after eating can cause nausea, vomiting, jaundice, and liver pain.
The data shows that mycotoxins in feed are common in China.
Dr. Yan Zhigang, a doctor of animal nutrition at the University of New England, made a report on mycotoxin contamination in feed and feed ingredients in China from 2006 to 2007.
According to the report, 225 samples tested showed that corn, full-priced feed, corn by-products, and dairy cows mixed feed, and the 6 kinds of mycotoxins detection rate of silage reached an average of 93.2%. This includes dairy cattle mixed feed.
Anti-mould agent can remove mycotoxin
In 2008, the mold-removing agent became a feed additive allowed by the Ministry of Agriculture. As a result of mycotoxin in the feed, a "feed additive" for mycotoxins became popular in recent years. Farmers are commonly known as "de-mycotic agents" and are known in the industry. "Mycotoxins detoxifiers."
The industry believes that the mycotoxin's large-scale impact on China was in 2003. In that year, due to El Niño phenomenon and other reasons, the global climate was abnormal, the mycotoxin broke out, the feed quality declined, and diseases in the breeding industry were frequent.
Since then, China has gradually attached importance to the study of mycotoxins.
Professor Ji Cheng of the College of Animal Science and Technology of China Agricultural University introduced that in the 1950s, the aquaculture industry used the alkali and hydrogen peroxide treatments to detoxify, but it destroyed nutrients and affected palatability. Animals did not like to eat.
Subsequently, a physical method-based mold-removing agent began to be widely used.
In 2008, the mold-removing agent became a feed additive allowed by the Ministry of Agriculture. In the Catalogue of Feed Additives No. 1126 promulgated by the Ministry of Agriculture in 2008, "preservatives" and "antifungal agents" were included.
Zhang Haijun estimates that at present, about 80% of the domestic farms are using mold-killing agents. Some farmers have insisted on the use of mold-removing agents in order to prevent them from developing, and they will not see moldy feed in the naked eye.
The mold-removing agent on the market can be divided into many types, such as mineral adsorbent, yeast cell wall, microorganisms, enzyme preparations, and blends. Zhang Haijun said that in China, the use rate of the mold remover for mineral adsorbents is the highest. For example: hydrated aluminosilicates, bentonite, montmorillonite, etc.
This method of use is to add substances that can adsorb mycotoxins in the feed so that the toxins are not absorbed by the animals when they pass through the animal's intestine and are directly excreted. Jicheng said that the mineral adsorbent type mold-removing agent will not be absorbed by cattle, will not produce harmful substances, and will not cause harm to drinkers.
Anti-mould agent or "off" is not clean
In addition to the mycotoxin in the feed, the mold-removing agent also adsorbs some of the vitamins and trace elements in the feed. At the same time, can the mycotoxin in the feed be completely destroyed after the use of the demycotic agent with limited adsorption?
In the domestic market of the mold-eliciting agent, the concept of various manufacturers is now prevalent, and billboards are widely used, promising to completely solve the problem of excessive mold in milk.
On December 28th, a salesperson from a manufacturer of mold release agents in Zhengzhou told reporters that the company's production of mildew (a kind of demycotic agent) was mainly composed of montmorillonite, and 1 kg was sold for 80 yuan. Mix 2-4 tons of feed.
The salesman declared that the product is a "de-mold agent for dairy cows that has been adsorbed, degraded, converted, and inactivated to completely solve the problem of excessive fungal contamination in milk."
On the previous day, Ji Cheng said that the mineral adsorbent type mold-removing agent that is popular on the market at the same time adsorbed mycotoxins in the feed and also absorbed some vitamins and trace elements in the feed.
"The most critical point is that most of the mineral adsorbent-like mold-removing agents can only adsorb one type of toxin and the adsorption is limited." For example, montmorillonite has a good effect on the adsorption of aflatoxin, but it is effective against vomitoxin and fumonisin. The adsorption effect of toxins is not good.
Ji Cheng said that the industry is still studying the methods of detoxification such as microbial degradation, some of which have been put into use, but the technology is not perfect.
Mycotoxins will fall off in the rumen
Can the mycotoxin in cattle completely disappear? Expert Wang Linfeng said, "It is very difficult to completely disappear."
The feed that has been treated with the mold-killing agent enters the bovine body and is not “failsafeâ€. The mycotoxin attached to the mold-removing agent may also fall off again. The final animal's milk contains this ingredient.
Unlike pigs and poultry, cows are ruminants. Ji Cheng explained that the rumen is the first stomach of the ruminant and has a large reserve of rumen, which cannot be completely discharged in a day or two. After the mycotoxin is adsorbed by the mold-removing agent, it is likely to fall off in the rumen where the moisture content is large.
In this way, the mycotoxins that have fallen off in the rumen are absorbed by the blood through the rumen, and are then secreted by the breast. Finally, the cow's raw milk will contain mycotoxins.
Yesterday, Wang Linfeng, an associate professor at the College of Animal Husbandry and Engineering at Henan Agricultural University, said that if dairy cows eat moldy feed, they stop immediately and then eat feed containing no mycotoxins. Slowly, the liver and kidneys of cattle will catabolize and excrete part of their metabolism. Mycotoxins. In this way, the mycotoxins contained in the blood of the cow will be reduced, and the mycotoxin contained in the raw milk will be less, and the test result will not be exceeded.
So, will the mycotoxin in cattle disappear completely? Wang Linfeng said that it takes a long time to feed cattle with feed containing no mycotoxins, and it also depends on the condition of the cattle itself. "It is very difficult to completely disappear."
Professor Ji Cheng of the College of Animal Science and Technology at China Agricultural University believes that once mycotoxins enter the bloodstream of cattle, they will not disappear, and mycotoxin will continue to grow regardless of how long it takes.
The detection process still needs improvement
In the feed procurement sector, the use of mycotoxin was detected in a relatively modest manner. On December 28th, Zhou Bo, a company director specializing in the import of additives in Hong Kong, said that he had visited several farms in Europe. He found that the contamination of mycotoxins is a global issue. In addition, mold-removing agents are widely used abroad, but there are fewer problems with milk.
Zhou Bo suggested that China should further standardize the testing indicators, and should not rely solely on the self-discipline of dairy product companies. "The efforts of the regulatory authorities are even more important."
After the aflatoxin incident, the AQSIQ requested all dairy products manufacturers to strengthen raw milk monitoring. The raw milk must be tested for the aflatoxin M1 project, and strict quality control of all aspects of production and processing.
However, mycotoxin testing in the feed procurement sector has not always been able to keep up.
Zhang Haijun found that mycotoxin detection was used less frequently in the feed procurement process. The kit is used to test the presence of mycotoxins in the feed sample. The test requires two or three hundred yuan. Most feed buyers are judged on the basis of experience and are rarely willing to pay for the inspection fee. Smaller farmers are even less conscious of detection.
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