Water and fertilizer management (1) Watering. The spring flowering period immediately after pouring without watering. Water once every 10-15 days. In the rainy season, it can be stopped and the autumn drought should be watered. Pour frozen water before winter, and pour 7 or 8 times of water a year.
(2) Fertilizer. Basal fat (coarse fat) is 10,000 jin per mu, and it is applied before the next fall. There are three ways: First, the disk. In the tree tray 30 cm from the trunk began to soil, began to deep 15 cm or so, to the outer reaches of 30-40 cm deep, the fertilizer applied to the soil and mixed evenly to the original height; the second is a ditch. In the outside of the tree tray 40-50 cm deep ditch, width 30 cm, fill the soil after fertilization after filling; the third is ditch, plate combination.
In the autumn, the use of base fertilizers will not be effective until the spring of the year. If there is no time to apply early spring, it must be applied in April. In late July to early August, a basal fertilizer should also be applied. Each plant applies 10 to 15 pounds of human waste, which is good for fruit size and quality.
Chasing chemical fertilizers. A few times more. For the first time in early May, it is a new long-term, long-term, 1-2 pounds per plant. The second time, from the end of May to the beginning of June, is the same as the previous time. The third time is in the middle or late June after sitting and staying, it is best to catch compound fertilizer. If there is no basal fertilizer in the middle and late July, it will be able to apply phosphorus and potash fertilizers to improve the quality of fruit.
Root dressing outside. Spray 0.1-0.2% borax before flowering; spray 0.3-0.1% urea during young fruit period; spray 1% superphosphate or 1-2% plant ash liquid from late July to early August.
Trimming grapes are divided into winter shears and summer shears, and winter shears are buried in cold weather from early November to late November. Summer shear refers to the pruning of the growing season.
1. Winter cut. The purpose is to eliminate pests and vines, immature vines and weak vines, adjust plant load, improve fruit quality, and extend economic life. There are three methods of winter shearing, namely sparse cutting, short cutting and renewal, which are generally applied simultaneously on the same plant.
(1) sparsely cut. It is to remove different vines from the base, and to improve the scenery conditions and improve the quality of fruit. Care must be taken not to remove the vines at the same time, or to make the wounds in close contact, so as not to hinder the transport of nutrients and to reduce the yield and quality.
(2) Short cuts. According to the length of the cut, it can be divided into long, medium, and short (very short) trims. Cut 8-12 minutes for a long cut, 4-7 for a slight cut, and 1-3 for a short cut. Due to the unacceptable results of different species, the methods used are also different. Longan because of its good results in the branches of the branches in the 5-9 section, the new shoots of basal buds often have no ears, so the pruning is mainly long (medium). The new vines sprouted from the buds of different parts of roses and giant abundances. Most of them have ears. They are often trimmed with long, medium, and short cuts, or slightly shorter and shorter.
Longer pruning makes it easier to choose the best bud result; the long cut will help the plane to expand, and it will take the output in advance; the main vine is slender, which will help to prevent the cold from being buried. However, if the management level does not go up, the load is too heavy and the quality will be affected. Shorter trimming is beneficial to the concentration of nutrients, the quality of the fruit is good, it is conducive to renewal, and the technology is easy to grasp. However, it is more difficult for the branches to be buried in the cold, and it is difficult to update large branches.
Therefore, winter shear should be determined according to species characteristics, site conditions, and management levels.
(3) The result female genital update trim. In order to prevent the resulting area from rising, resulting in lower baldness, the female vines are constantly updated. The method is to result in the mother vines germinating in the spring, select the lower part of the new good, culture for the next year the results of female vines, winter shear can be retracted. However, due to the influence of the apical dominance, the vines in the lower part of the population are weak and it is difficult to update them. The solution is: First, the results of the renewal are appropriate and tangible when the winter shear is used, and the second is the new cranberry fruit left in the summer.
(4) Winter maturation results. According to a result, the results of the two vines spread, each result accompanied by 1 ear fruit, an average of 0.7 pounds per panicle, 7 pounds per square meter of fruit production calculation, leaving 5 results per square metre.
Another method is to calculate 14 to 20 new square meters per square meter, leaving guets 7-10.
In short, height, good scenery, enough water and fertilizer can leave the results of the mother vine, and vice versa to stay less.
(5) The problem of winter cutting attention. One is to cut not less than 2 cm from the cut mouth bud; the second is to keep 1 cm of the pile when cutting from the base; third is to update the big branch to use the handsaw; fourth is to make the big wound not on the same side.
2. Summer cut. Summer cut mainly regulates the relationship between growth and results, removes useless buds and new shoots, eliminates too many inflorescences, improves ventilation and light transmission conditions, and allows branches to develop and enhance yield and quality.
(1) Stubble and thinning. Newly slightly less than 10 cm erased and wiped, and more than 10 cm was called thinning. Principle: All the buds less than 40 cm from the ground are erased, leaving no double vines, leaving weak and strong, to stay straight, to grow and spread the results.
(2) Sparse spikes and panicles and spikelets. The thinning and excessive inflorescences were removed at the same time as the sparse shoots of the buds. The strong branches left two spikes and the weak branches remained one ear. For cultivars with severe size and low fruit setting rate, such as rose, Jufeng, etc., the 1/4 to 1/5 tip of the spike and the main spike can be removed.
(3) Newly picked up. Take 3-5 days before flowering to freshen it, concentrate nutrients to increase fruit setting rate and improve ventilation and light transmission conditions. The upper part of the flower leaves 3-4 leaves topping (1 leaf inflorescence leaves 3 leaves and 2 inflorescence leaves 4 leaves), leaving more leaves, the lower the fruit setting rate. Longan high fruit setting rate can leave 5-7 leaves. No flowers left 10-12 leaves topping.
(4) Minor to heart. After the new crop is picked up, the germinating deputy has to take care of it several times. No flower branch deputy to leave 1-2 leaves repeatedly topping. Take a moment to erase all the minor, spend more than 1-2 leaves each time repeatedly topping. The number of remaining leaves depends on the scenery conditions on the surface and the new amount to determine.
(5) tied vines. After the grapes were put on the shelves, the new ones were tied up to a length of 30 cm. They were tied once every 15 days and the tendrils were removed. It will be done again in early July. Tied vines are tied to pig legs.
(6) Autumn cut. Grape vines do not form terminal buds and grow at moderate temperatures. To reduce unnecessary nutrient consumption, cut immediately after harvest. The principle is: cut in the winter when the scissors want to cut; the second is to prepare the results of the vines and the main side of the young vines.
Timely control of pests and diseases
Grape pests are not much, mainly diseases are: downy mildew, white rot, black bean disease, root rot, etc., to prevent comprehensive prevention and control.
During the dormant period, spray 3 degrees lime sulfur plus 200 times sodium pentachlorophenolate solution, and spray 80% of Dasheng M-45 plus 50% carbendazim or 70% thiophanate-methyl. Spray 1:0.7:200 Bordeaux mixture before the rainy season. About 7 days after the rainy season, spray a drug. Tweetectin, metalaxyl, chlorothalonil and other drugs should be applied alternately. If necessary, add pesticides.
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