At present, China's pig industry has improved rapidly in the application of excellent varieties, scientific feeding management, and disease prevention and control, but there is still a certain gap compared to developed countries. The performance of the sows has a low survival rate of litter size, and the average number of finishing pigs provided per sow per year is relatively small (about 13 heads), especially for small and medium-sized pig farm households, in terms of pig breeding concepts and economic conditions, etc. The gap between the two sides is relatively large, so that the application of new technologies and advanced facilities and equipment is limited. Traditional concepts and backward feeding and management models are used to breed modern lean-type pigs, leading to long-term sub-healthy status of pigs and being susceptible to epidemics. Shocks, alternating seasons, disease epidemics, and some even annihilated, causing major economic losses.
Faced with the status quo, the specific analysis of the main reasons are: poor environmental control of the pig house, feed quality and feeding technology problems, the main epidemic disease prevention did not do a good job. Especially due to the current epidemic and complexity of swine diseases, farmers have to increase the type of vaccine and the strength of immunity. For example: swine fever, pseudorabies, blue ear, TP, asthma, streptococcus, etc., some vaccines need to be immunized several times, the intensity of immunity is increased, and the stress on pigs is further increased. The increase in the amount of nutrients needed, the incidence of sub-healthy pigs in poor nutrition and low management levels is inevitable.
How to ensure that herds are not threatened by disease, reducing the type of immunity and the strength of immunity should be a necessary measure. There are fewer types of vaccination, quality credence, immunity must be in place, and the timing of immunization must be scientific. Focus on the basic immunity of swine fever, pseudorabies and foot-and-mouth disease. A further rational division of labor and full-fledged feeding methods will be conducive to the specialization of feeding, and more importantly, it will be conducive to the prevention and control of diseases and minimize the risks caused by diseases.
At present, most of the existing farms are back-up pigs, male and female sows, piglets, and pigs raised in a farm. The farms are often multi-day old, and some even have several varieties at the same time. This way of feeding will inevitably cause the persistence of some diseases in the pig herd. It is impossible to control the disease by relying solely on boosting the immune system, let alone the "purification" of the disease. Disease prevention and treatment in this way will make the pathogen more virulent under the choice of immune pressure. We can see a phenomenon that when a disease enters the herd, the onset and clinical manifestations are often the sows in breeding season. Because at this time the sow group itself is less resistant to disease. At this time, small-age and large-day pigs often have no clinical manifestations. However, as the sick sow population is reduced, other pig herds will also develop disease, and the clinical manifestations and damage of the disease may be more serious than those of the first-episode herds.
If the proper breeding division can be carried out, breeding breeding groups, conservation groups and rearing and finishing groups separately will solve this problem to a large extent. From a fixed field, pigs of the same age and age on a single breed of farm are introduced. The adoption of all-in and all-out feeding methods will reduce the occurrence of diseases and reduce the type of immunization vaccine and the intensity of immunity. You can use a vaccine.
Small and medium-sized pig farms are engaged in a high-risk and low-yield industry. High-risk mainly refers to the risk caused by the disease. Therefore, according to the current situation in China, the amount of pig breeding farms is not suitable for the development of large, but also Not suitable for the development of small batches of high-density multi-lot culture, should be the development of a moderate-scale single-batch breeding.
At present, domestic large-scale, small-scale, regional, and batch-intensive pig-raising methods are particularly common, and even in some large-scale breeding counties, they are everywhere. In high-density farming communities, countless pig houses, pigs of different physiological stages and different ages are housed in the same area, and due to disease problems, this area rarely has long-term existence. This also caused a serious blow to farmers and the local economy.
We must take into account the local situation, within the scope of the county or township, take the leading form of pig breeding, feed, slaughter and processing enterprises with strong economic strength, or select qualified pig farm households to develop a suitable-scale commercial pig breeding farm. Specializes in the supply of commercial pigs for small and medium pig farms. These feeding commodity pigs, feeding and management modes and disease prevention and control techniques are simple. All households or farms as a unit of single-batch all-in and all-out feeding methods, depending on the conditions can be a batch of feeding 100 to 1000 commodity pigs range, Each year, 3 to 4 batches can be kept, so that all feeds can be achieved based on the number of pigs to be supplied. When uncontrollable diseases occur or are affected by adverse factors, choose to extend the empty time appropriately for risk avoidance. At the same time, it is necessary to achieve standardized breeding, focusing on the investment and improvement of the infrastructure of the pig house, strengthening the thermal insulation performance of the pig house and ventilation, water treatment and treatment of the pig's excreta and urine, as the automatic ventilation control temperature system, automatic water supply system and automatic The manure removal system will improve the small environment of the herd and will promote the production and supply of standardized pig raising, healthy and pollution-free pork products.
The production mode discussed above is not something new, that is, the form of enterprise + farmer or enterprise + cooperative + farmer. This form was promoted and applied throughout the country many years ago, but there were only a few winners. First, the operator did not pay attention to the balance of the distribution of benefits; the second was that the breeder always believed that other people earned his money, but he could make money in all aspects. . However, looking at the sewage treatment and environmental protection pressures faced by large-scale self-producing and self-recovering pig farms, we look at the bio-safety conditions of small- and medium-sized pig farms and the heavy losses caused by the autumn and winter epidemic each year. There is also China. With fewer people, more breeding density, more and more difficult to control the epidemic, the fluctuation of the live pig market is more and more frequent, the market is difficult to ponder this ruthless reality, and it is time to reflect on it.
When the epidemic emerged, the author saw a number of small and medium-sized pig farmers spending more money to treat pig diseases. A large number of dead pigs entered the market as a veteran who struggled on the pig-raising front over the years. For future pig development, the environment where the people live, and food safety, consider how to establish a biosafety system for pigs as a whole. It was recalled that Zhang Yongtai, the editor-in-chief of Northeastern “Pigs†magazine, also called for the adoption of decentralized small-scale breeding to reduce the environmental pressure on pig farms. Taking the above forms of production, the disease is easy to control. Large breeding grounds do not raise fattening pigs, have less manure, and have less environmental protection pressure. They can give full play to the two major advantages of feeding techniques and disease control, and provide piglets with the same specifications, tidy antibody levels, and good fattening performance; farmers can use their own conditions. There are various sizes and sizes of pigs that are easy to raise and have a high survival rate. Basically, they do not need to fight vaccines and drugs. They only need to do a complete disinfection of the empty field between the all-in, all-out, and batch operations. Digestion on the spot is beneficial to the virtuous circle of food and fruit and vegetable production. There is only one conceptual problem left here: the operator should stand in the perspective of long-term development of the industry and do a reasonable distribution of profits. The breeder has no risk and only earns the money he should earn.
Developing large-scale farming is a good thing. Through the scale of farming, various limited resources can be saved and daily management can be facilitated. As we have seen, in Europe and the United States, there are indeed some self-reproducing farms that feed tens of thousands or 100,000 heads of commercial pigs. However, in China, due to the complexity of the disease, some diseases are difficult to control and uncontrollable. The risk of raising so many pigs on a farm is undoubtedly enormous. Once there are loopholes in the prevention and control of diseases, these farming industries will be hit hard. Therefore, before some diseases with severe pathogenicity and great harm have not been completely removed, the scale of the breeding should be controlled, and the difficulty of handling the excreta is also resolved. How to practice the scientific concept of development and take the path that suits our national conditions.
Faced with the status quo, the specific analysis of the main reasons are: poor environmental control of the pig house, feed quality and feeding technology problems, the main epidemic disease prevention did not do a good job. Especially due to the current epidemic and complexity of swine diseases, farmers have to increase the type of vaccine and the strength of immunity. For example: swine fever, pseudorabies, blue ear, TP, asthma, streptococcus, etc., some vaccines need to be immunized several times, the intensity of immunity is increased, and the stress on pigs is further increased. The increase in the amount of nutrients needed, the incidence of sub-healthy pigs in poor nutrition and low management levels is inevitable.
How to ensure that herds are not threatened by disease, reducing the type of immunity and the strength of immunity should be a necessary measure. There are fewer types of vaccination, quality credence, immunity must be in place, and the timing of immunization must be scientific. Focus on the basic immunity of swine fever, pseudorabies and foot-and-mouth disease. A further rational division of labor and full-fledged feeding methods will be conducive to the specialization of feeding, and more importantly, it will be conducive to the prevention and control of diseases and minimize the risks caused by diseases.
At present, most of the existing farms are back-up pigs, male and female sows, piglets, and pigs raised in a farm. The farms are often multi-day old, and some even have several varieties at the same time. This way of feeding will inevitably cause the persistence of some diseases in the pig herd. It is impossible to control the disease by relying solely on boosting the immune system, let alone the "purification" of the disease. Disease prevention and treatment in this way will make the pathogen more virulent under the choice of immune pressure. We can see a phenomenon that when a disease enters the herd, the onset and clinical manifestations are often the sows in breeding season. Because at this time the sow group itself is less resistant to disease. At this time, small-age and large-day pigs often have no clinical manifestations. However, as the sick sow population is reduced, other pig herds will also develop disease, and the clinical manifestations and damage of the disease may be more serious than those of the first-episode herds.
If the proper breeding division can be carried out, breeding breeding groups, conservation groups and rearing and finishing groups separately will solve this problem to a large extent. From a fixed field, pigs of the same age and age on a single breed of farm are introduced. The adoption of all-in and all-out feeding methods will reduce the occurrence of diseases and reduce the type of immunization vaccine and the intensity of immunity. You can use a vaccine.
Small and medium-sized pig farms are engaged in a high-risk and low-yield industry. High-risk mainly refers to the risk caused by the disease. Therefore, according to the current situation in China, the amount of pig breeding farms is not suitable for the development of large, but also Not suitable for the development of small batches of high-density multi-lot culture, should be the development of a moderate-scale single-batch breeding.
At present, domestic large-scale, small-scale, regional, and batch-intensive pig-raising methods are particularly common, and even in some large-scale breeding counties, they are everywhere. In high-density farming communities, countless pig houses, pigs of different physiological stages and different ages are housed in the same area, and due to disease problems, this area rarely has long-term existence. This also caused a serious blow to farmers and the local economy.
We must take into account the local situation, within the scope of the county or township, take the leading form of pig breeding, feed, slaughter and processing enterprises with strong economic strength, or select qualified pig farm households to develop a suitable-scale commercial pig breeding farm. Specializes in the supply of commercial pigs for small and medium pig farms. These feeding commodity pigs, feeding and management modes and disease prevention and control techniques are simple. All households or farms as a unit of single-batch all-in and all-out feeding methods, depending on the conditions can be a batch of feeding 100 to 1000 commodity pigs range, Each year, 3 to 4 batches can be kept, so that all feeds can be achieved based on the number of pigs to be supplied. When uncontrollable diseases occur or are affected by adverse factors, choose to extend the empty time appropriately for risk avoidance. At the same time, it is necessary to achieve standardized breeding, focusing on the investment and improvement of the infrastructure of the pig house, strengthening the thermal insulation performance of the pig house and ventilation, water treatment and treatment of the pig's excreta and urine, as the automatic ventilation control temperature system, automatic water supply system and automatic The manure removal system will improve the small environment of the herd and will promote the production and supply of standardized pig raising, healthy and pollution-free pork products.
The production mode discussed above is not something new, that is, the form of enterprise + farmer or enterprise + cooperative + farmer. This form was promoted and applied throughout the country many years ago, but there were only a few winners. First, the operator did not pay attention to the balance of the distribution of benefits; the second was that the breeder always believed that other people earned his money, but he could make money in all aspects. . However, looking at the sewage treatment and environmental protection pressures faced by large-scale self-producing and self-recovering pig farms, we look at the bio-safety conditions of small- and medium-sized pig farms and the heavy losses caused by the autumn and winter epidemic each year. There is also China. With fewer people, more breeding density, more and more difficult to control the epidemic, the fluctuation of the live pig market is more and more frequent, the market is difficult to ponder this ruthless reality, and it is time to reflect on it.
When the epidemic emerged, the author saw a number of small and medium-sized pig farmers spending more money to treat pig diseases. A large number of dead pigs entered the market as a veteran who struggled on the pig-raising front over the years. For future pig development, the environment where the people live, and food safety, consider how to establish a biosafety system for pigs as a whole. It was recalled that Zhang Yongtai, the editor-in-chief of Northeastern “Pigs†magazine, also called for the adoption of decentralized small-scale breeding to reduce the environmental pressure on pig farms. Taking the above forms of production, the disease is easy to control. Large breeding grounds do not raise fattening pigs, have less manure, and have less environmental protection pressure. They can give full play to the two major advantages of feeding techniques and disease control, and provide piglets with the same specifications, tidy antibody levels, and good fattening performance; farmers can use their own conditions. There are various sizes and sizes of pigs that are easy to raise and have a high survival rate. Basically, they do not need to fight vaccines and drugs. They only need to do a complete disinfection of the empty field between the all-in, all-out, and batch operations. Digestion on the spot is beneficial to the virtuous circle of food and fruit and vegetable production. There is only one conceptual problem left here: the operator should stand in the perspective of long-term development of the industry and do a reasonable distribution of profits. The breeder has no risk and only earns the money he should earn.
Developing large-scale farming is a good thing. Through the scale of farming, various limited resources can be saved and daily management can be facilitated. As we have seen, in Europe and the United States, there are indeed some self-reproducing farms that feed tens of thousands or 100,000 heads of commercial pigs. However, in China, due to the complexity of the disease, some diseases are difficult to control and uncontrollable. The risk of raising so many pigs on a farm is undoubtedly enormous. Once there are loopholes in the prevention and control of diseases, these farming industries will be hit hard. Therefore, before some diseases with severe pathogenicity and great harm have not been completely removed, the scale of the breeding should be controlled, and the difficulty of handling the excreta is also resolved. How to practice the scientific concept of development and take the path that suits our national conditions.
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