In recent years, many orchards often suffer from fertilizer damage after applying chemical fertilizers, and young victims can grow new leaves. However, the tree vigor is seriously debilitated and growth is weak, resulting in minimal growth throughout the year. When the damage is severe, dry branches and branches are dry and growth cannot be restored. Finally, dead trees are dead.
Fatty symptoms
In the event of fertilizer damage, the roots of the victim's tree roots and the color of the small roots turn red-brown and die. The skin of the thicker roots is brown and the xylem is black. When the tree is damaged, the young leaves and flowers on the branches are shriveled, affecting the leaf development and flowering. Even some of the tree's cortex has a strip that continues to brown and dry down from the base of the victim's large roots. The subcutaneous xylem turns black, and when it meets a large branch, it extends forward along the branch, damaging large branches. Severe pruning died. When top dressing is done outside the roots, the concentration of the fertilizer solution is too high, causing the blade to become anxious, dry and even contaminate the fruit surface.
Causes of fertilizer damage
The main causes of fertilizer damage are improper fertilization methods. Even the direct contact of fertilizers with the roots of fruit trees leads to a longer duration, resulting in a heavier damage. Finally, the burned branches, roots, and affected parts are treated with a high concentration of fertilizer solution. Wherever the trees are transported, leaves are dried and dried, resulting in damage. There are specific reasons for the following reasons: (1) The amount of chemical fertilizer applied at one time is too large, resulting in a high concentration of fertilizer in the soil solution near the root system. (2) improper fertilization site. The fertilization ditch (ditch, hole) is too close to the main trunk or large roots, and even direct contact between the fertilizer and the big roots will inevitably lead to fertilizer damage. (3) Fertilization is too concentrated. In the process of fertilization, the fertilizer and the soil are not fully mixed, resulting in excessive local fertilizers and fertilizer damage. (4) A large amount of organic fertilizer that has not been adequately decomposed is used, and organic fertilizer is caused by a large amount of heat during the later-stage decomposition. The use of substandard fertilizers is also prone to damage.
How to prevent the occurrence of fertilizer damage
Appropriate amount, decentralized fertilization, multi-site, multi-hole, multi-pit, multi-channel fertilization, organic fertilizer should be fully stacked and fermented to ensure maturity and pay attention to the uniform mixing of fertilizer and soil. At the same time, top-dressing, according to the annual cycle of the fruit tree fertilizer requirements, in the spring before germination (March mid-to-middle), summer flower bud differentiation period (June mid-late) and autumn (September to mid-late) with Shiji Fei in accordance with the total Fertilizers were applied three times in a 4:3:4 ratio of fertilizers.
The fertilization site should be clearly defined and the fertilization ditch (pit and hole) should be far from the trunk and large root shoots. Generally, the outer edge of the crown projection is appropriate. It can not only prevent large roots from being burned by fertilizers, but also be conducive to the absorption and utilization of fertilizers by the peripheral absorption roots and improve the utilization of fertilizers.
For the fertilizers that may be caused by fertilization outside roots, safe fertilizer types should be selected, and the concentration (usually 0.3%-0.5%) should be strictly controlled, and the period and time of use should be used to prevent spraying at high temperatures.
Remedial measures for fruit trees that have been damaged by fertilizers
For fruit trees that have been damaged, effective remedial measures must be taken immediately to minimize harm. Inappropriate soil fertilization causes fertilizer damage. Immediately pour with large water and dilute the fertilizer concentration. If the roots have been severely damaged, remove the top layer of soil around the plant and perform short-term root drying to promote new root growth. There are three kinds of specific remedies: (1) Continued feeding method. The fertilizer and soil in the fertilization ditch are dug out of the ditch and backfilled with a part of the loam at regular intervals. (2) Displacement-shifting method, avoiding the original fertilization site, digging two fertilization trenches, digging part or all of the fertiliser in the original fertilization trenches and transferring them to the new trenches, and filling the original fertilizing trench to fill the inter-row surface soil. harm. (3) The root-cutting method has a good effect on the roots of the orchard with less severe labor and less labor force. It cuts the burned roots along the inside of the fertilization trench and excavates them. If the leaves are damaged by fertilizer, the leaves should be sprayed immediately.
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