Indoor environmental control mainly includes ventilation, lighting, feeding, drinking water, temperature, humidity, density, selection of chickens, and picking eggs.
ventilation
Regardless of the size of the house or the number of chickens, it is essential to keep the air in the house fresh and well ventilated. This problem is particularly important in high-density hen houses. Because the ventilation is not good, there will be a large number of harmful gases such as ammonia gas, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide released at any time, and overflowing in the entire chicken house, affecting the normal growth of chickens, laying eggs and causing a variety of diseases. Therefore, in the production of the bottom of the house should be set to the windows, the middle set up a large window, the roof of the exhaust cylinder with a cap. It is fully open in summer and can be closed in the middle of the winter window, only the windows and roof exhaust cylinder. An exhaust fan can also be provided in the middle to quickly remove foul air from the house in winter. In winter, pay close attention to the ventilation system. Do not cause thieves to wind or lower the temperature inside the house so as to reduce feed consumption and prevent various diseases.
illumination
Illumination has a great influence on the laying performance of chickens. Reasonable light can stimulate ovulation, promote normal growth and development of chickens, and increase egg production. The production should be started from 20 weeks of laying hens, and artificial lighting supplements should be used to increase the light for half an hour each week until it reaches 16 hours per week. After that, the effective light is guaranteed for 16 hours every day until the chickens are quarantined for four weeks before the lighting time. Gradually increased to 17 hours until eliminated. Artificial light supplements work best every morning before dawn. When supplementing lighting, it is advisable to use 3 to 5 watts per square meter of floor space. The lamp is about 2 meters away from the ground. It is best to install a lampshade for the spotlight. The distance between the lamp and the lamp is about 3 meters to ensure uniform lighting throughout the house.
Feeding
Laying hens are mostly fed with dry powder and the feeding frequency is 1 or 2 times a day. If they are fed once, the timing is better at 3 o'clock in the afternoon; if they are fed twice, they should be fed at 9 o'clock in the morning and at 3 o'clock in the afternoon. The daily feeding amount is generally 100-120 grams for each chicken, and the amount of feeding is appropriately increased or decreased according to the weight change, so as not to affect the production of eggs. In order to maintain a strong appetite for chickens, it is necessary to ensure that there is a certain amount of empty time each day. First, it can prevent mildew in the food stored in the trough for a long time. Second, it can prevent the chicken from producing anorexia and picky eating habits.
Drinking water
Water is very important for chicken production. The consequences of water shortage are often more serious than those of lack of water. Water participates in the whole metabolic process of the body. It has irreplaceable effects on the regulation of body temperature, nutrient operation, digestion, absorption, and waste elimination. The moisture content of normal eggs is more than 70%. Each chicken needs 220 to 380 ml of drinking water per day. Drinking water is insufficient and the feed intake of chickens is reduced. Affecting normal growth and development, the egg production rate can be reduced by at least 2%. Poor water quality can also be achieved. This led to a decrease in egg production and egg weight. Therefore, laying hens should be supplied with sufficient clean drinking water in compliance with drinking water standards, preferably with long running water.
temperature
The most suitable temperature for chickens is 18~23°C. Temperatures that are too high or too low are not conducive to egg production. To maintain a proper temperature in the coop, attention should be paid to the ventilation of the coop in the summer, and the power of the ventilation fan can be increased. Lateral ventilation is changed to vertical ventilation, so that the wind speed flowing through the bird body is increased, and the heat generated by the chicken body is promptly taken away. , Such as the combination of water spray, watering, appropriate to reduce the feeding density, can reduce the temperature within the house more effectively. Winter should pay attention to doing warm work. The doors and windows of the hen house should be covered with straw mulch at night or in the wind and snow days, which will help improve the temperature of the sheds. It can also use corn stalks and other wind barriers outside the northern wall of the shed, and wind and wind walls can be kept cold; On top of the ceiling, rice husks, sawdust, etc. are added as a cold-proof layer.
humidity
The optimum humidity is 60% to 70%. If the humidity in the house is too low, the layer shows sluggish performance, feathers are disordered, the skin is dry, the feathers and claws are dull, and the chicken body is easily dehydrated, causing respiratory problems in the flock. The thermal conductivity of moist air is 10 times that of dry air. If the humidity in the house is too high in winter, the amount of heat emitted by the chicken body will increase, making the chicken colder; if the humidity is too high in summer, the chicken will be discharged when breathing. The moisture in the air is limited, the chicken body is contaminated, germs multiply, and it is easy to cause various diseases, resulting in decreased egg production. In the production, it is possible to reduce the humidity in the house by means of enhanced ventilation and the placement of quicklime blocks in the room.
Pick chicken
The selection of chickens should be carried out at a chicken laying rate of 50%. At this time, the growth and development should be poor, the chicken crowns should be dried and shrunken, the feathers should be beautiful, and the heads, chins and chins should be dark yellow chickens; the chickens with poor vitality and unhealthy should be selected. The abdomen has accumulated a large number of fat chickens and eliminated them. In this way, not only can feed consumption be reduced, it is important to reduce the spread of the disease and purify the environment of the chicken house.
Pick eggs
Timely picking eggs and creating an eggless environment can increase chicken production. The peak period of laying eggs of chickens is usually within 3 to 4 hours after sunrise. In the afternoon, egg production accounts for 20% to 30% of the total egg production. Eggs should be picked in time according to the time of egg production and egg production. Two times a day, summer can be picked three times.
Off-site environmental control
The first is to do a good job of disinfecting the environment, spraying it regularly with 2% fire alkali solution, and setting up a disinfection pool at the entrance.
The second is the timely removal of weeds outside the house because there may be pathogenic pathogenic microorganisms attached to it.
The third is to plant some trees, vines and lawns outside the house without affecting the ventilation of the house. Through the photosynthesis of these plants, they can absorb carbon dioxide, release oxygen, reduce the content of bacteria, remove dust, deodorize, and reduce toxic and harmful. Gas, as well as the role of preventing wind and noise, can also reduce the temperature of the environment in the summer, reduce heat radiation, can effectively improve the microclimate outside the chicken house.
Fourth, prevent the occurrence of various stress factors. Especially in the peak season of chicken production, its production intensity is greater, physiological burden is heavier, living ability tends to decline, and resistance is poor. In case of stress, it will lead to impediments to the growth and development of chickens, increased feed consumption, a sharp drop in egg production, increased mortality, and it will be difficult to return to the original level after egg production declines. Therefore, to keep the sheds and the surrounding environment quiet, keepers should fix work clothes, and employees should not enter the henhouse; plug rat holes in the sheds, and regularly put baits outside the house to eliminate rats; prevent cats, dogs, etc. Rats and other animals enter the hen house; feed processing and loading and unloading should be kept away from the chicken house, which can not only prevent noise stress, but also prevent cross-infection of chicken diseases.
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