A new study published in the December issue of Transfusion shows that Pall Corporation 's filtration technology effectively separates prions from the blood. Prion is considered a pathogen can lead to fatal neurodegenerative disorder known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies, TSE) which is known as "mad cow disease" of Jakob disease (vCJD) is An infectious spongiform encephalopathy. Jacob's disease can be infected by blood transfusion, and infected people may be asymptomatic in the first few years of the disease.
  The study, called "separation of exogenous (spiking stage) and endogenous prions from red blood cells to remove leukocytes using the new filter," published in the journal of the AABB ( "Transfusion", 2005; 45 (12): 1839 -1844) , showing filtration technology capable of isolating infected scrapie prions. Scrapie is a contagious spongiform encephalopathy that infects sheep. The study was conducted by Dr. Samuel Sowemimo-Coker , Principal Scientist and Technical Director of Pall Medical, and scientists at the New York Institute for Basic Research, one of the world's leading prion research centers . Co-authored and completed. The research report focuses on three methods used to evaluate Pall's prion separation filter performance. In the exogenous ( peak formation ) phase of the study, scientists added brain tissue infected with scrapie to human red blood cells and placed them in a prion separation filter. Western blot results showed that the prion was below the detection level.
In another exogenous research phase, scientists dilute brain tissue infected with scrapie to obtain different concentrations of infectious prions. These different concentrations of material were divided into a test group ( filtered ) and a control group ( not filtered ) and then injected into the brain of healthy hamsters. (The use of hamsters is a common method used to determine the efficiency of prion isolation. ) This phase of the study showed that the prion separation filter was able to separate 3.7 logs ( more than 99%) of infectious prions. In the endogenous infection phase of the study, this is also a phase closely related to the blood-infected spongiform encephalopathy, and all blood is collected from hamsters who have developed symptoms and have been infected with scrapie. Then use is specified as a test group ( for filtering ) or Control group blood erythrocytes (not filtered) are processed, and then injected into healthy hamsters in vivo. Six of the 43 animals injected with unfiltered endogenous scrapie red blood cells were infected, while none of the 35 animals injected with filtered red blood cells were infected.
   Researchers believe that the use of this type of filter can reduce the risk of Jacobing's disease through blood. Dr. Coker explained: "Infecting Jacob's disease through the blood is a serious threat, and filtering out to isolate prions is a practical and practical way to reduce risk."
  Health facilities around the world are worried about Jacob's disease. There have been 179 human cases worldwide , mainly found in the United Kingdom. The number of cases outside zui has increased. The United States has just reported the second Jacob's case. However, the actual number of clinical cases to date does not account for the dangers of Jacob's disease, and only a large number of patients who become carriers of infectious prions can explain the problem.
   Since Jacob's disease can remain asymptomatic for many years, it is not known how many blood transfusions may have been infected by blood, so protecting the blood supply from prion infection is a priority. There is no reliable test yet. Determine whether there is Jacob's virus in the blood. Last month, the British Ministry of Health announced that it must track the other 50 people who have received blood transfusions to see if they may be infected with Jacob's disease.
   Many countries have taken steps to reduce the bloodstream of prions, such as delaying blood transfusions and reducing white blood cells in the blood. Since not all prions are associated with cells, reducing white blood cells can only be partially effective. fruit. A report mentioned in the study found that current leukocyte-removing filters can only reduce the infectivity of infectious spongiform encephalopathy by about 42% and can only be used as a complementary strategy to reduce risk.
   The authors of the study believe that "the use of filters and the elimination of prions by effectively reducing white blood cells can improve the safety of blood transfusions, reduce or even eliminate the risk of infection with Jacobin and other types of human prion diseases through blood transfusions." The Pall Leukotrap Affinity Prion Reduction Filter System reduces white blood cells and infectious prions. In the trial completed in May 2005 , it was able to isolate 99.9% of prions, currently a blood transfusion service in Europe. It is being evaluated. It is also the first technology to isolate infectious prions from red blood cells, the main component of blood. Pall has developed prion separation technology as part of its mission to protect the global blood supply.
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