I. Inorganic Nutritional Foliar Fertilizers These foliar fertilizers contain high levels of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements. The main function is to provide various nutrients for crops and improve the nutritional status of crops, especially for crops. Supplementation of various nutrients in the late growth stage. Its characteristics are: fast absorption, is a quick-acting fertilizer. However, like chemical fertilizers, there are more residues in the plants. National standard: the sum of trace elemental elements is ≥10% or the sum of a large number of elements is ≥50%, and the sum of trace elements is ≥1%. Commonly used are potassium dihydrogen phosphate, rare earth micro-fertilizer, green Fenwei, boron fertilizer and so on.
Second, regulated foliar fertilizer This foliar fertilizer contains substances that regulate plant growth, such as auxin, hormones and other components, the main function is to regulate the growth and development of crops. Suitable for pre- and post-plant growth. Its characteristics are: fast absorption and less residual harmful substances. National standard: the sum of regulators + trace elements is ≥ 4%.
Third, the biological foliar fertilizer is added to the active microorganisms by using the organic matter extracted from soybean meal and farmyard manure as a carrier. Such fertilizers contain microorganisms and metabolites such as amino acids, nucleotides, and nucleic acids. The main function is to stimulate crop growth, promote crop metabolism, and reduce and prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases. Its characteristics are: the fertilizer effect is remarkable, basically no residue, mostly green fertilizer, but the absorption speed is slow, the spraying conditions are harsh and many stability is poor.
Fourth, compound foliar fertilizer This type of foliar fertilizer has a wide variety of composite foliar forms. There are many functions, and a foliar fertilizer can provide nutrition and stimulate growth and regulation.
5. The humic acid foliar fertilizer has a long effect period, improves the ground temperature of the protection ground, and effectively reduces the occurrence of common physiological and pathological diseases of low temperature and high humidity. Humic acid can be divided into yellow humic acid, brown humic acid and black humic acid according to its dissolution and color in water. Black humic acid is basically insoluble in water, brown humic acid is slightly soluble in water, yellow humic acid has a small molecular weight, is easily soluble in water, and can chelate mineral elements. Its characteristics are: fast effect, green, pollution-free and so on. National standard: humic acid content ≥ 8%, the sum of trace elements and simple substances ≥ 6%; or humic acid content ≥ 8%, the sum of a large number of elements ≥ 17%, the sum of trace elements ≥ 3%.
6. Amino acid foliar fertilizer It is mainly composed of amino acids and complexes with micro-fertilizers. It contains plant nutrient growth regulators and trace elements necessary for plants. Amino acid foliar fertilizer can promote root growth, strong seedlings, healthy plants, enhance the photosynthetic function of leaves and the ability of crops to resist stress and pests, and have significant yield-increasing effects on various crops. Its characteristics are: amino acid fertilizers are non-toxic, pollution-free, and do not pollute the environment. National standard: amino acid content ≥ 8% (fermentation method), ≥ 10% (enzymatic method); the sum of trace element simple substances ≥ 2%.
Matters needing attention: First, choose the appropriate variety according to different growth periods. For example, in the early stage of wheat growth, in order to promote its growth and development, regulated foliar fertilizer should be selected. If the crop is nutrient-deficient or the root absorption capacity declines in the late growth stage, nutritive foliar fertilizer should be used. The chemical fertilizers commonly used in foliar application in production are urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, superphosphate, potassium sulfate and various trace element fertilizers. Second, the spray concentration should be appropriate. In a certain concentration range, the speed and quantity of nutrients entering the leaves increase with the increase of the concentration of the solution, but the concentration is too high, which is easy to cause fertilizer damage, especially trace element fertilizer. Generally, the medium and large amount of elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur) are used in a concentration of 500-600 times, the trace elements of iron, manganese and zinc fertilizers are 500-1000 times, the boron fertilizers are more than 3000 times, and the copper and molybdenum fertilizers are 6000. More than double. Third, it is not appropriate to use only foliar spray fertilizer. Wheat requires less micronutrients, and in the case where the trace elements in the soil are not severely deficient, it can meet the needs of crops by foliar application. While a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other elements are needed, foliar application can only provide a small amount of nutrients, which can not meet the needs of crops. It should also be based on root fertilization, and foliar fertilization can only be used as an auxiliary measure.
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