In the current production, some adult apple orchards are not too dense, but the structure of the tree is disordered. This situation is common in orchards. From the external form, the tree body is too high, the level is too much, the number of large branches is too large, the layer spacing is too small, and some even can not be separated into layers; the number of peripheral branches is too large, and some open branches are too small, resulting in external strong internal Weak; the auxiliary branches are too long and too large, and the results are poor; the amount of branches per plant is too large, the ventilation and light transmission are poor, and the quality of the branches is not high. The main reason for these phenomena is that the trimming is too light over the years. In view of the above situation, in accordance with the requirements of the middle crown type high-yield tree structure, the adjustment should be carried out year by year based on the principle of sparsely shrinking, shrinking and combining, adjusting the structure, reducing the amount of branches, improving the illumination and improving the quality of the branches.
First, happy, control the tree height
When the tree is too high, it is helpful to improve the lighting conditions. It is the first measure to adjust the structure of the tree, which can be determined according to the specific conditions of the tree. The structure of the original tree is still good. After the head is happy, the tree head can grow again. It can be happy at the appropriate height. For the tree that is already happy, but the level is still more than 3 layers, the tree crown is still too high. Generally, the head can be lowered again at the third layer to control the height of the tree; the tree has not been adjusted in the early stage of the fruit, but the tree structure is developed rapidly, and the tree is too tall, and the tree can also be in the third. Happy at the branches. When you fall down, choose an oblique main branch with an angle of 30 to 35 degrees, which is the uppermost branch of the third layer. If there is no suitable main branch, you can also choose a relatively large branch in the middle of the main branch of the head, instead of the original branch, to control the branches near the head. The treatment of other branches near the head branch can be determined according to the strength of the tree and the size of the original branch. If the original tree is moderate or weak, and the original branches are smaller, the individual branches can be removed except for the individual erect strong branches. The remaining branches are lightly cut and released; if the original tree grows stronger The original branches that fall are larger, and the pruning branches can be delayed to prevent the new branches from prospering again; if the original tree is strong and the falling branches are larger, If the branches are delayed, the amount of pruning of the lower branches should be lighter. The larger auxiliary branches should be treated, and they should be left for treatment in the second year. If the original tree is strong, it must fall. When the branches are larger, the head can be lowered after the fruit is harvested, or the head can be delayed to reduce the reaction after the head is turned. In addition, during the growth period, the long branches of the buds that are germinated by the buds should be wiped out in time, and the wounds should be protected.
Second, the combination of shrinkage, increase the leaf curtain and the distance between the layers
After the upper part of the light is improved, it is necessary to adjust the angle of the backbone branch, to shrink the excessive backbone branches, and the large auxiliary branches between the main branch or the side branches, and to handle the upper branch group to increase the leaf curtain spacing or interlayer. Distance to improve the side of the light.
When adjusting the angle of the backbone branch, the tree with the base angle and the waist angle of the first layer is good, the tip angle is returned, and the tree with the angle of the main branch of the second layer is too large. The first layer of the main layer can be opened by means of struts and branches. The tip of the branch, by raising or using the branches on the back, raises the angle of the second branch. For trees with a small angle of the entire backbone, it is necessary to open the corners by means of struts and pulls. It is more difficult to pull the angle branch when winter shearing, and it can pull the branch at the beginning of growth, or cut 2~3 saw and then pull the branch in the back. If the angle of the backbone branches is too small and too thick, even in the growing season, it is difficult to open the angle by the support and pulling methods, especially the partial crown trees with too small angles of the main branches, and the method of changing the heads with the back branches or the anticlines can also be used. , expand the tip of the backbone branch. If the angles of the three main branches are small and the growth is strong and the angle cannot be opened, the middle stem can be removed from the upper part of the three main branches to make it natural and happy.
If there are too many main branches on the middle of the stem, or the branches on the main branches, the branches with too many auxiliary branches, and the trees that are too large, they can be reformed in several stages. Do not rush to seek success. On the basis of selecting the main and side branches, firstly remove the large branches that seriously affect the structure of the tree and the ventilation and light transmission. For the other branches, if the growth is strong, the erect branches or large branches on the branches can be removed to make them single. The shaft extends, takes the opening angle of the growing season, combines the ring stripping, and promotes the flowering result; for the weak, it can bend and shrink, rejuvenate the middle and back, and control the growth range. In addition, the branches of the branches can be guided to other places with less branches by means of other methods, songs, and pulls.
On the back of the big branch group, individual strong, especially in the periphery, must be removed, born in the middle, to press to the sides, take the lead with the weak branches, the strong branches sprouted after the winter cut, It can be handled by topping or twisting. While compressing the branches on the back, it is necessary to retain the two sides and the back branch group, and moderately shorten the extension branches of the branch groups on both sides to restrain the back branch group and inhibit its prolongation. For the auxiliary branches or large branch groups on the main and side branches that affect the ventilation and light transmission between the layers and extend behind the back or anticlines, appropriate retraction is also required to control the growth range.
Third, the outside of the room, the outside of the outside
The backbone branches of the tree with high yield of tree structure are small inside and outside, and dense inside and outside. The outer branches are large and large, especially the outer branches with small angles, which tend to cause the canopy to close, affecting the ventilation and light transmission, causing the internal branches to weaken and even die. For the treatment of this tree, we must first open the angle of the peripheral branches, and then according to the principle of sparseness and smallness, thinning or shrinking the outer dense branches, reducing the amount of branches around the crown; Lightly cut or slow release, reduce long branches, reduce the tension of the outer branches of the canopy on the inner iliac crest, slow the external support, and promote the inner lychee group to strengthen. In order to prevent the outer extension branches from being placed and the lower part of the baldness, the buds can be germinated before germination in the spring to increase the germination rate and promote the middle and short branches. But as far as possible, do not slash the branches, so as not to excessively weaken the growth of the peripheral branches, resulting in the weakening of the entire tree.
4. Sparse, shrink, and slow combination, rejuvenation
After suppressing the upper strength, improving the ventilation and light transmission conditions, reducing the amount of peripheral branches, and easing the growth of the peripheral branches, the inner lychee group can gradually rejuvenate. Under normal circumstances, the growth of small branch groups is generally weak. When rejuvenating and rejuvenating, weak branches and weak buds can be taken, and branches, buds and strong branches and strong buds can be left to concentrate nutrient supply and regain strong branches. But don't cut it continuously. When there are more branches, it can also eliminate some of the branchlets with no ability to produce results; for the weakened medium-sized branches, it can also eliminate weak branches and weak buds, and promote their rejuvenation; the branches are longer, the middle and the back are more For good branching or strong buds, it can be shrunk at strong branches and strong buds; for the stout middle branches that are retained, there is no top flower buds, which can be shortened by about 1/3, weak branches and buds break the top, and promote the strong leaves. Branches, after the formation of strong branches, and then retract according to the situation; for the weak large branches, especially the uniaxially extending branches, generally can be slightly retracted, with a small angle of the strong branches for the lead, short extend. When the branch group is re-established, in addition to re-cultivating the branch group itself, it can also be adjusted by trimming between the branch groups. For example, if the erect large branch group on the back is removed, the surrounding middle and small branch groups also have a rejuvenating effect. Strictly thinning flowers and thinning fruit, controlling the appropriate load, there is also the role of the complex group.
Disclaimer: Some articles on this website are transferred from the Internet. If legal rights of third parties are involved, please inform this website. phone
Soybean Lecithin oil is a byproduct of soybean oil production. It is a natural emulsifier and is commonly used in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Here are some related information about soybean lecithin oil
Soybean Lecithin Oil,Soybean Extract,Soybean Phospholipid Oil,Organic Soybean Powder
Jiangsu Chenwei Biology and Technology Co. LTD , https://www.cwsoybean.com