1, choose the best species
Dryland tomatoes should use mid-to-late-maturing varieties with drought resistance, high yield, strong disease resistance, good quality, adapted to local growth and in line with market demand, such as General Guoguo, Zhongza No. 9, Zhongshe No. 4, Jiafen No. 10, China Research Institute 958, Shanghai Cooperation 908, 918 and so on.
2, seed processing
Seed disinfection and soaking and germination before sowing. The selected seeds are soaked in clean water at about 30°C for 15 to 30 minutes, and then stirred in hot water at 55 to 60°C for 15 minutes; or the seeds soaked in fresh water are placed in 10% trisodium phosphate solution. Soak for 10 minutes, then remove the seeds and wash with clean water. The sterilized seeds were then germinated in a wet cloth at ambient temperature of 28-30°C, and gradually cooled to 25°C when the seeds became white.
3, cultivate strong seedlings
A 0.5m2 seedbed is required for each mu of production area. Seedling beds are generally 12 square meters, and seedling beds are generally 50 square meters. The seedling period of tomato is longer, so the preparation of bed soil must meet the nutrition needed for seedling growth. Generally, 50% of field soil and 50% of decomposed horse manure can be used in the seedbed, and then the cooked manure or chicken is added into the bed soil per cubic meter of bed soil. Manure 15 ~ 25 kg, 0.5 kg of superphosphate, 1 kg of high-quality potassium fertilizer, and then smashed various ingredients sifted, mixed, made into a bed of soil, and according to the thickness of 5 cm, flat in the seeding bed. In order to disinfect the bed soil, 70% carbendazim powder 5g or 70% thiophanate powder 5g can be used per square meter of bed soil, and 1 kg of fine dry soil can be mixed to make the medicine soil before sowing. Use 2/3 of the drug soil to cover the bottom and sow and cover the seeds with 1/3 of the soil.
Nursery was conducted in the greenhouse or in Yangshuo in early April. It was soaked in bed soil 3 to 5 days before sowing, covered with plastic film, and sowed when bed soil was stable above 15°C. When sowing, first sprinkle 2/3 of the medicine soil, and then sowing seeds by a distance of 1 cm x 1 cm. After sowing, spread 1/3 of the soil and cover it, and then cover it with a plastic film to keep it moist. In the bed soil temperature of 15 ~ 20 °C under conditions, generally 3 to 5 days to emerge. After emergence, the plastic film can be peeled off to provide sufficient light. During the day, the temperature is kept at about 25°C, and the temperature control at night is about 15°C. The temperature of bed soil should be maintained at about 15°C to 20°C. When about 20 days after sowing, it takes 2 to 3 leaves for flower bud differentiation. To promote early flowering and reduce flowering nodes, low temperature (15 to 18°C) and short day conditions should be provided. Watering was stopped 7 days before planting to enhance seedling drought resistance.
Seedling age 40 to 50 days; strong plant height 15 to 20 cm; stem 0.5 to 0.8 cm, short internodes; leaves 7 to 9 pieces, dark green leaves, leaf hypertrophy; first spike has bud; The roots are well developed; the plants are free from pests and diseases and mechanical damage.
4, soil fertigation
Tomato requires loose soil and fertility, suitable for neutral and acid soils that retain water and nutrients, 5,000 kg of circulated fertilizer per mu, 50 kg of ternary compound fertilizer, 50 kg of superphosphate, 20 kg of cake fertilizer and 150 kg of plant ash. It is 30 centimeters deep, then it is made into a large ridge. The ridge distance is 120 centimeters, the ridge height is 20 centimeters, and the ridge width is 80 centimeters. Covering the film is generally carried out 10-15 days before planting, or after lapping, and to achieve "the rain is not the same time, ranging from time to time."
5, planting technology
General planting at the end of May and early June, according to large ridge, double row method of colonization. Large row spacing is 60-70 centimeters, small row spacing is 40-50 centimeters, plant spacing is 35 centimeters, and planting density is about 3000 plants per mu.
6. Management after planting
1 top dressing cultivator
When the first ear of fruit grows to about 3 cm in diameter after seedlings, it starts to top-dressing, compound fertilizer is 10 kg/mu; the second to third ear fruit starts to expand and compound fertilizer is 30 kg/mu; the fourth to fifth ear start to enlarge. Period, compound fertilizer 20 kg/mu. Or topdressing urea 15 kg/mu, human waste urine 1500 kg, two weeks after the recovery of 15 kg of urea. Combining topdressing for weeding and weeding, pay attention to flood prevention.
2 brackets vine
5 to 7 days after colonization, the heart begins to grow and new roots appear. After the tomato seedlings are planted, the first thing is to insert the vines. If you use a stand, raise the height by 1.6 meters. Insert the stand 10 centimeters from the base 10 centimeters from the root of the tomato. After the racks are abducted, the tomato plants are then tied to the racks, and generally every two bunches of inflorescences are tied together.
3 Pruning
Pruning while tying the vines. Single stem pruning was performed to remove all lateral lateral buds in time, leaving 4 flowers in each inflorescence. Above the fourth cluster, leave 2 to 3 leaves and hit the tip.
7. Integrated pest management
The main diseases of tomato include: early blight, late blight, leaf mold, canker disease, and virus disease. For the prevention and control of early blight and late blight, 64% anti-virus 500 times solution, 58% metalaxyl MnZn 500 times solution, and 72.2% Promectyl 800 times solution spray. Prevention of leaf mold, the early stage of disease can be sprayed with 7% folic acid dust, 1 kg per acre, or 50% carbendazim 500 times, 70% thiophanate-methyl 800 times, 2% Wuyimycin water 150 times liquid spray. The virus-prevention virus can be used as a 100-fold increase in 83-fold resistance agent, and 20% morpholine-400-fold as a single spray before and after colonization.
The main pests of tomato are: cotton bollworm, aphid, and spotted fly. To prevent and control cotton bollworm, black light can be used to trap adult insects or be trapped and killed by sex attractants. Bacillus thuringiensis can also be used to treat insects with bacteria. The bollworm can be sprayed with 2.5% kungfu emulsifiable concentrate 5000 times for prevention and treatment. Control of locusts: silver gray plastic film can be hung, can also be used to trap the yellow plate, can also be used for chemical control. The control of Liriomyza can be controlled by spraying 1000 times of green vegetable treasure.
8, timely harvest
The criterion for timely harvesting is that the fruit is fully inflated and the peel turns green from yellow to red. To harvest without dew.
The cultivation of tomatoes in drylands can rationally use land and increase the income of farmers.
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