A lactating period of a lactating cow can be generally divided into an early stage of lactation, a prolific period of lactation, a late stage of lactation, and a dry period of lactation. Due to different production conditions, production performance, and feeding characteristics of dairy cows at different stages, the requirements for feeding and management are also different. At present, the feeding methods of dairy cows include conventional husbandry, advancement husbandry, and challenge husbandry. 1. Routine feeding Green feed, rough feed and auxiliary feed meet the nutritional needs of dairy cows. Concentrated feed meets the nutritional needs of milk production. Dairy cows feed 1 kg of mixed concentrate per kilogram of 3 kg of milk. This “feed by milk†feed The method is called conventional feeding of dairy cows. It is suitable for normal dairy cows in the late lactation. 2. Pre-bred feeding method starts from 15-20 days after the cows are born, and on the premise of eating enough crude and auxiliary materials, based on the actual nutritional requirements for maintaining and lactating the milk feed, based on the actual nutritional requirements, 1 to 1.5 kg is added every day. The mixed concentrate is used as a pre-paid feed to increase milk production; during the whole period, the amount of concentrate feed increases with the increase of milk production until the increase of concentrate milk consumption no longer increases. This feeding method is called the advance feeding method, also known as short-term superior feeding method. This feeding method is suitable for cows whose milk production is generally in the lactating stage. 3. The challenge feeding method is based on the normal feeding in the dry milk period (about 1.8-2.5 kg of dry concentrate concentrate feed), starting from the two weeks before the expected delivery, adding 0.45 kg of mixed concentrate daily, The amount of concentrate feeding can reach 0.5%-1.0% of body weight at the time of delivery. If the cow body is normal after calving, 0.45 kg of mixed concentrate can be added daily on the basis of feeding before delivery until the amount of concentrate is increased. No longer increase or feed to free feed. However, the amount of roughage should not be less than 0.5% of body weight. After the milking period has passed, gradually reduce the material. This breeding method is characterized by guiding the training of the cows to feed concentrates from the prenatal period, and preparing for the physiological functioning of the large amount of post-natal concentrates. Therefore, this feeding method is also referred to as the guiding feeding method; and in the production After a certain period of time, feeding high-energy, high-protein concentrates can effectively reduce the consumption of bovine body and maximize the potential of lactation of postpartum dairy cows, thus it is also called the challenge breeding method. It is suitable for the breeding of high-producing dairy cows from the first two weeks of delivery until the end of the lactation peak.
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