First, the nutritional needs of turtles The nutrition needed by turtles is mainly protein, fat, carbohydrates, inorganic salts and vitamins and other five major nutrients.
(a) Protein.
Protein is most important for the growth and development of turtles. Turtles ingest protein directly from feed. It is generally believed that the protein content of feed is high, the nutritional value of the feed is good, and the cultured object grows quickly. Turtles have a relatively high demand for protein content in feeds. Their growth stages are different, and their requirements are also different. Generally, the protein content in feeds is between 38% and 42%.
(b) Fat.
Fat is one of the indispensable ingredients for turtle growth and development. It is mainly used as an energy source for storing body fat or for exercising. The thermal energy released by oxidation of fat in the turtle body is generally 2 times that of sugar and protein. Experiments have proved that the fat content in the turtle compound feed is 3.5% to 5.0%. If it is too high or too low, it will affect the feed efficiency, the rate of weight gain, and the meat increase coefficient.
(c) Carbohydrates.
The main physiological functions of carbohydrates absorbed by the body are: First, the supply of heat, and second, the composition of the body; Third, to save the body protein, used as a binder for feed. The adaptability of starch in the turtle's feed is 23% to 26%.
(d) Inorganic salts.
Inorganic salts play a very important role in the turtle's body. Besides participating in the formation of bones and blood, they also have a direct or indirect effect on regulating the body's physiology, especially for the procreation of eggs. Among the necessary inorganic salts, the following are relatively easily missing, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, chlorine, magnesium, zinc, copper, cobalt, and the like. Calcium and phosphorus account for 3/4 of all inorganic salts in the body. In particular, high-performance fast-acting additives such as bone powder must be added before and after laying eggs.
(e) Vitamins.
When the turtle lacks vitamins, its growth and development slows, metabolism is abnormal, and it is susceptible to various diseases. Most vitamins cannot be synthesized in the body and must be supplied by feed. Vitamins, like animal hormones, are small in quantity but essential, so complex vitamins must be added to the feed.
Second, the type of turtle feed (a) animal feed.
Including a variety of light and saltwater fish, mollusks, large eggs, aquatic insects, meat and water of various livestock and wild animals, silkworm cocoons and so on.
(b) Vegetable feeds.
It includes corn, wheat, soybeans, millet, rice, various types of cakes, fruits and vegetables in green feed, vegetables, aquatic plants, and the like.
(c) Feed additives.
It includes bone mineral powder, calcium powder, salt, high-speed fast-growing additives, animal vitamins, cod liver oil, malt, etc., oxytetracycline, sulfonamides, etc. Yeast, food maternal, and song.
Third, feed and feed preparation (a) natural feed.
It has a wide range of worms, silkworms, insects, water eggs, fish, shrimp, snails, cockroaches, fly maggots, silkworm pupa, animal slaughtered leftovers and various green materials, such as melons, leafy vegetables, sweet potatoes , rice, wheat and so on. The processing and preparation method is that the animal and plant feeds are chopped at 6:4 or 7:3 respectively, and then they are put into the mixer and added with some appropriate disease-preventing drugs, and then they are evenly mixed. This feed protein content is not very high, generally around 30%, but the turtle's effect is better.
(B) artificial feed.
According to the turtle's physiological characteristics, a variety of raw materials will be prepared according to a certain percentage, and use a certain process processing and cooperation. The proportion of various nutrients formulated in the feed is reasonable, allowing the nutrients to maximize economic efficiency and achieve the best feeding results. In different stages of growth, turtles also have different needs for various nutrients.
Formula 1: Fishmeal 38%, bean cake 12%, peanut cake 10%, rapeseed cake 5%, corn flour 10%, flour 2%, bone meal 3%, lysine 1%, multivitamin 1%. The formula has a crude protein content of 42%.
Formula 2: fishmeal 25%, cocoon powder 10%, bone meal 3%, bean powder 15%, peanut cake 15%, flour 15%, corn flour 15%, lysine 1%, multivitamin 1%. The crude protein content of this formula feed is 38%.
(a) Protein.
Protein is most important for the growth and development of turtles. Turtles ingest protein directly from feed. It is generally believed that the protein content of feed is high, the nutritional value of the feed is good, and the cultured object grows quickly. Turtles have a relatively high demand for protein content in feeds. Their growth stages are different, and their requirements are also different. Generally, the protein content in feeds is between 38% and 42%.
(b) Fat.
Fat is one of the indispensable ingredients for turtle growth and development. It is mainly used as an energy source for storing body fat or for exercising. The thermal energy released by oxidation of fat in the turtle body is generally 2 times that of sugar and protein. Experiments have proved that the fat content in the turtle compound feed is 3.5% to 5.0%. If it is too high or too low, it will affect the feed efficiency, the rate of weight gain, and the meat increase coefficient.
(c) Carbohydrates.
The main physiological functions of carbohydrates absorbed by the body are: First, the supply of heat, and second, the composition of the body; Third, to save the body protein, used as a binder for feed. The adaptability of starch in the turtle's feed is 23% to 26%.
(d) Inorganic salts.
Inorganic salts play a very important role in the turtle's body. Besides participating in the formation of bones and blood, they also have a direct or indirect effect on regulating the body's physiology, especially for the procreation of eggs. Among the necessary inorganic salts, the following are relatively easily missing, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, chlorine, magnesium, zinc, copper, cobalt, and the like. Calcium and phosphorus account for 3/4 of all inorganic salts in the body. In particular, high-performance fast-acting additives such as bone powder must be added before and after laying eggs.
(e) Vitamins.
When the turtle lacks vitamins, its growth and development slows, metabolism is abnormal, and it is susceptible to various diseases. Most vitamins cannot be synthesized in the body and must be supplied by feed. Vitamins, like animal hormones, are small in quantity but essential, so complex vitamins must be added to the feed.
Second, the type of turtle feed (a) animal feed.
Including a variety of light and saltwater fish, mollusks, large eggs, aquatic insects, meat and water of various livestock and wild animals, silkworm cocoons and so on.
(b) Vegetable feeds.
It includes corn, wheat, soybeans, millet, rice, various types of cakes, fruits and vegetables in green feed, vegetables, aquatic plants, and the like.
(c) Feed additives.
It includes bone mineral powder, calcium powder, salt, high-speed fast-growing additives, animal vitamins, cod liver oil, malt, etc., oxytetracycline, sulfonamides, etc. Yeast, food maternal, and song.
Third, feed and feed preparation (a) natural feed.
It has a wide range of worms, silkworms, insects, water eggs, fish, shrimp, snails, cockroaches, fly maggots, silkworm pupa, animal slaughtered leftovers and various green materials, such as melons, leafy vegetables, sweet potatoes , rice, wheat and so on. The processing and preparation method is that the animal and plant feeds are chopped at 6:4 or 7:3 respectively, and then they are put into the mixer and added with some appropriate disease-preventing drugs, and then they are evenly mixed. This feed protein content is not very high, generally around 30%, but the turtle's effect is better.
(B) artificial feed.
According to the turtle's physiological characteristics, a variety of raw materials will be prepared according to a certain percentage, and use a certain process processing and cooperation. The proportion of various nutrients formulated in the feed is reasonable, allowing the nutrients to maximize economic efficiency and achieve the best feeding results. In different stages of growth, turtles also have different needs for various nutrients.
Formula 1: Fishmeal 38%, bean cake 12%, peanut cake 10%, rapeseed cake 5%, corn flour 10%, flour 2%, bone meal 3%, lysine 1%, multivitamin 1%. The formula has a crude protein content of 42%.
Formula 2: fishmeal 25%, cocoon powder 10%, bone meal 3%, bean powder 15%, peanut cake 15%, flour 15%, corn flour 15%, lysine 1%, multivitamin 1%. The crude protein content of this formula feed is 38%.
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