Astragalus is a kind of economic fish. It is not only delicious meat but also rich in nutrition. It is a delicacy on feast, but also has a high medicinal value. It has always been popular in the domestic and foreign markets.
I. Preliminary statistics of the aquaculture area. The cultivation of astragalus membranaceus is mainly concentrated in Hubei Honghu, Jianli, public security, Xiantao, Jingzhou, Jingmen, and Yueyang and Yiyang in Hunan. Among them, Honghu accounts for 70% of the entire farming area. At present, due to the constraints of aquaculture technology, most farmers do not dare to invest in seedlings. If this pass is passed, it is possible to double the number of farmed areas in the next year.
Second, the aquaculture area and the amount of culture of the two lakes total aquaculture area of ​​about 15,000 acres, of which about 10,000 acres of cage culture, a total of more than 600,000 cages, mainly distributed in Honghu, accounting for 2/3 strong; rice field cultivation of about 5000 Mu, scattered distribution. In nearly all the towns of Honghu Lake, a highly cultured area, yellow quail is cultivated.
III. Breeding mode At present, farming models include earthen ponds, cement ponds and cages. Due to the inconvenient management of earthen ponds and cement ponds, the management of the inconvenience has slowly been eliminated and cage culture has dominated.
1. Cage culture: This culture mainly involves the installation of cages in ponds, river ditch, small reservoirs, and ponds with a water depth of more than 1 meter and a pH value of 6.8 to 7.5.
(1) Cage specifications: 6 m 2 m 1.5 m polyethylene cage special cage.
(2) Installation of cages: The eight corners of the cages are fixed in water with bamboo or stakes to prevent them from floating. The bottom of the cage is about 20 cm from the bottom of the tank and the surface is 30 cm from the surface of the water.
(3) Eco-environment in the cage: The cages are stocked with water, peanuts, oil grass, and water hyacinth, which cover the entire cage and leave a little space on both sides of the cage for feeding. The box-raising water plants are mainly used for the sheltering of eels, protecting them from light, absorbing the nutrition inside the box, reducing pollution, avoiding direct sunlight, stabilizing the water temperature, and can be used for summer in the summer.
2. The earthen pond and cement pond breeding This breeding mode is the direct use of paddy fields or the construction of cement pools. The rice paddy culture is surrounded by nets around the perimeter, filled with water (as well as freshly submerged soil), and the concrete pool is long. Wide and uncertain, the depth is generally about 1.2 meters, and the water plants are properly stocked in the pond.
Fourth, seed stocking in the cage before the seedlings must be soaked for 7 days to 15 days, so that the mesh is smooth and does not scratch the fish. Generally about 1 kg to 1.5 kg per square meter, stocking specifications 1 two / tail ~ 2 two / tail is the best. Due to the limited number of artificially-produced jaundice currently used, all natural seedlings are currently used. Therefore, seedlings must be sterilized with drugs to kill foreign pathogens. The seedlings are suitable for the next time in June, and the temperature is stable at this stage. The water temperature is generally between 25°C and 28°C, which is suitable for the growth of Astragalus membranaceus. The growth cycle of Scutellaria baicalensis is short (June-October) is only 4 months, the growth environment is relatively stable, the optimum temperature is 21°C～26°C, and the water quality is neutral alkali (6.8-7.5). At present, due to the low level of cultivation, outbreaks of disease are serious, especially in the two stages of just under the seedlings and the market, and the mortality is large, which is the most critical two links in the aquaculture process. (Note: The main diseases are madness, hemorrhage, parasites, enteritis, print, redness, etc.).
V. Feeding and Management At present, there are two ways of feeding fish (fresh fish, shrimp, snail, etc.) and feed. Feeding feed has begun to gradually replace fish. During the cultivation process, the following four stages must be observed:
1. Cannibalism: Artificial breeding of squid must be tamed before it can be successful, and its methods are hunger and hunger. It is usually fed with quail and slowly added to the fish or feed to fully adapt.
2. Feeding management: Astragalus feeding method is less sucking type fish, when combined with the use of its sense of smell, taste, sideline system, because of its sense of smell, taste sensitive, visual retardation, so very strict food requirements, In response to this characteristic, it is advisable to feed extruded pellet feeds in quantities ranging from 1% to 2% of body weight. At 25°C～28°C, feeding twice a day, sooner or later, the total daily feeding rate was 2% to 4%. Outside this temperature, only one feeding was performed every day.
3. Daily management of cages: The cages are relatively stable in the water body, and the mesh is dense. In addition, dirt in the water body, residual baits in the tank, feces and other excreta can easily block the mesh holes, and the flow of water inside and outside the cage is blocked. Therefore, cages must be washed frequently and must be changed if necessary.
4. Summer management: June to August each year is the key season for the cultivation of Astragalus. This season, due to the increase of temperature, the gas and liquid changes drastically. Diseases and escapes caused by Huangqi's inadaptability to the environment can easily occur. Therefore, in the summer should do the following two points: First, do a good job of anti-riot work, such as raising aquatic plants, raise the water level; second is to reduce the amount of feeding, and in the mix of herbs and promote digestion.
5. Overwintering management: In the late autumn and early winter, the temperature of the water drops. When the water temperature falls below 20°C, the food intake of the astragalus decreases, and the temperature below 15°C basically stops feeding. Below 10°C, it enters a hibernation state. Therefore, at the beginning of autumn, it is necessary to intensify nutrition and enhance physical fitness in order to prepare energy consumption for overwintering, that is, to strengthen feed feeding and timely supplement liver and gallbladder, promote digestion and compound vitamin drugs to enhance the body's anti-stress ability.
VI. Market Prospects From the current point of view, the market prospects are promising. The main advantages of analysis are:
1. The local government vigorously promoted the support of farmers in breeding yellow peony;
2. The market price is relatively high (25 yuan/kg), and the demand is large, which attracts a large number of farmers to invest in breeding;
3. The breeding cost is low, the operation is convenient, and the benefit is high (generally net income per cage is more than 1000 yuan);
4. Wild Astragalus grows slowly, the artificial breeding cycle is short, and it grows fast. It only takes about 4 months to go public.
I. Preliminary statistics of the aquaculture area. The cultivation of astragalus membranaceus is mainly concentrated in Hubei Honghu, Jianli, public security, Xiantao, Jingzhou, Jingmen, and Yueyang and Yiyang in Hunan. Among them, Honghu accounts for 70% of the entire farming area. At present, due to the constraints of aquaculture technology, most farmers do not dare to invest in seedlings. If this pass is passed, it is possible to double the number of farmed areas in the next year.
Second, the aquaculture area and the amount of culture of the two lakes total aquaculture area of ​​about 15,000 acres, of which about 10,000 acres of cage culture, a total of more than 600,000 cages, mainly distributed in Honghu, accounting for 2/3 strong; rice field cultivation of about 5000 Mu, scattered distribution. In nearly all the towns of Honghu Lake, a highly cultured area, yellow quail is cultivated.
III. Breeding mode At present, farming models include earthen ponds, cement ponds and cages. Due to the inconvenient management of earthen ponds and cement ponds, the management of the inconvenience has slowly been eliminated and cage culture has dominated.
1. Cage culture: This culture mainly involves the installation of cages in ponds, river ditch, small reservoirs, and ponds with a water depth of more than 1 meter and a pH value of 6.8 to 7.5.
(1) Cage specifications: 6 m 2 m 1.5 m polyethylene cage special cage.
(2) Installation of cages: The eight corners of the cages are fixed in water with bamboo or stakes to prevent them from floating. The bottom of the cage is about 20 cm from the bottom of the tank and the surface is 30 cm from the surface of the water.
(3) Eco-environment in the cage: The cages are stocked with water, peanuts, oil grass, and water hyacinth, which cover the entire cage and leave a little space on both sides of the cage for feeding. The box-raising water plants are mainly used for the sheltering of eels, protecting them from light, absorbing the nutrition inside the box, reducing pollution, avoiding direct sunlight, stabilizing the water temperature, and can be used for summer in the summer.
2. The earthen pond and cement pond breeding This breeding mode is the direct use of paddy fields or the construction of cement pools. The rice paddy culture is surrounded by nets around the perimeter, filled with water (as well as freshly submerged soil), and the concrete pool is long. Wide and uncertain, the depth is generally about 1.2 meters, and the water plants are properly stocked in the pond.
Fourth, seed stocking in the cage before the seedlings must be soaked for 7 days to 15 days, so that the mesh is smooth and does not scratch the fish. Generally about 1 kg to 1.5 kg per square meter, stocking specifications 1 two / tail ~ 2 two / tail is the best. Due to the limited number of artificially-produced jaundice currently used, all natural seedlings are currently used. Therefore, seedlings must be sterilized with drugs to kill foreign pathogens. The seedlings are suitable for the next time in June, and the temperature is stable at this stage. The water temperature is generally between 25°C and 28°C, which is suitable for the growth of Astragalus membranaceus. The growth cycle of Scutellaria baicalensis is short (June-October) is only 4 months, the growth environment is relatively stable, the optimum temperature is 21°C～26°C, and the water quality is neutral alkali (6.8-7.5). At present, due to the low level of cultivation, outbreaks of disease are serious, especially in the two stages of just under the seedlings and the market, and the mortality is large, which is the most critical two links in the aquaculture process. (Note: The main diseases are madness, hemorrhage, parasites, enteritis, print, redness, etc.).
V. Feeding and Management At present, there are two ways of feeding fish (fresh fish, shrimp, snail, etc.) and feed. Feeding feed has begun to gradually replace fish. During the cultivation process, the following four stages must be observed:
1. Cannibalism: Artificial breeding of squid must be tamed before it can be successful, and its methods are hunger and hunger. It is usually fed with quail and slowly added to the fish or feed to fully adapt.
2. Feeding management: Astragalus feeding method is less sucking type fish, when combined with the use of its sense of smell, taste, sideline system, because of its sense of smell, taste sensitive, visual retardation, so very strict food requirements, In response to this characteristic, it is advisable to feed extruded pellet feeds in quantities ranging from 1% to 2% of body weight. At 25°C～28°C, feeding twice a day, sooner or later, the total daily feeding rate was 2% to 4%. Outside this temperature, only one feeding was performed every day.
3. Daily management of cages: The cages are relatively stable in the water body, and the mesh is dense. In addition, dirt in the water body, residual baits in the tank, feces and other excreta can easily block the mesh holes, and the flow of water inside and outside the cage is blocked. Therefore, cages must be washed frequently and must be changed if necessary.
4. Summer management: June to August each year is the key season for the cultivation of Astragalus. This season, due to the increase of temperature, the gas and liquid changes drastically. Diseases and escapes caused by Huangqi's inadaptability to the environment can easily occur. Therefore, in the summer should do the following two points: First, do a good job of anti-riot work, such as raising aquatic plants, raise the water level; second is to reduce the amount of feeding, and in the mix of herbs and promote digestion.
5. Overwintering management: In the late autumn and early winter, the temperature of the water drops. When the water temperature falls below 20°C, the food intake of the astragalus decreases, and the temperature below 15°C basically stops feeding. Below 10°C, it enters a hibernation state. Therefore, at the beginning of autumn, it is necessary to intensify nutrition and enhance physical fitness in order to prepare energy consumption for overwintering, that is, to strengthen feed feeding and timely supplement liver and gallbladder, promote digestion and compound vitamin drugs to enhance the body's anti-stress ability.
VI. Market Prospects From the current point of view, the market prospects are promising. The main advantages of analysis are:
1. The local government vigorously promoted the support of farmers in breeding yellow peony;
2. The market price is relatively high (25 yuan/kg), and the demand is large, which attracts a large number of farmers to invest in breeding;
3. The breeding cost is low, the operation is convenient, and the benefit is high (generally net income per cage is more than 1000 yuan);
4. Wild Astragalus grows slowly, the artificial breeding cycle is short, and it grows fast. It only takes about 4 months to go public.
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