Abstract Five different crude protein levels of feed were designed and fed to Russian quail larvae with an average body weight of approximately 42.9 g. The test period was 40 days. The results showed that the optimum requirement for crude protein in feed was 42%. When the crude protein level of the feed was lower than 42%, the growth rate and feed conversion rate of the pups increased significantly as the level of crude protein in the feed increased. When the level of crude protein in the feed reached or exceeded 42%, the growth rate and feed conversion rate of pups did not change significantly as the level of crude protein in the feed increased.
Key words Russian germanium, protein level, growth rate, feed, conversion rate
A large cold-water fish of the order Acipenseriformers, AciPenseridae, Acipenseerini, and Acipenser. The Russian cockroach is one of the earliest domesticated species of carp. It has a high economic value. Its meat is delicious and its nutritional value is high. It is a treasure in fish and its leather can be used for leather making. Cartilage has an anti-cancer effect, especially The caviar made from its eggs is a precious aquatic product on the international market and it is loved by European and American people. China imported the Russian quail with better domestication from Europe in the early 1990s and has now rapidly promoted it throughout the country. However, there are few reports on the nutritional needs and feed composition of Russian quail, so that many Russian quail farms can only refer to the results of other squid research to determine the crude protein content of the feed when formulating their feed. For this reason, five different crude protein level feeds were designed in this experiment to carry out feeding trials of Russian quail cubs in order to provide a useful reference for the artificial breeding of Russian quail.
1 Materials and Methods
1.1 Test Feed Formulation and Processing
Experimental feedstuffs used fish meal and silkworm cocoon as animal protein sources for test pups, soybean meal, corn gluten meal, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal as vegetable protein source, and secondary starch and a-starch used to regulate protein levels. The vegetable protein ratio remained essentially constant and an equal amount of attractant was added to each group of feeds. In the five formulated feeds, except for the protein levels in the feed, other nutrients in the feed remained essentially unchanged. The main composition of the feeds in each group is shown in Table 1, and the test number is 1-5. The crude protein content is 36%, 39%, 42%, 45% and 48% respectively. The experimental feed was first granulated with a small ring membrane granulator, and then broken into 3-4 mm small pellet feed to facilitate the feeding of squid.
1.2 test conditions and methods
The experiment was carried out in fingerling ponds of rainbow trout farms at the fishery station of the Shitouhe River, Shaanxi Province. The test pool was a cement pond of 4m1.5mx1.0m with a water depth of 40cm. About one-half of the test pool was filled with asbestos. Tile coverage provides a suitable living environment for young cubs; the entire test pool is covered with mesh sheets and invaded by waterproof birds. The water source is the lower water of the Shitouhe Reservoir, PH = 7.4, the total hardness is 5.14mol, and the water temperature is 10°C and 2°C. The total number of cubs is 420. The specifications are basically the same. The average body length is 23.58cm and the average body weight is 42.9g. In this experiment, five groups of crude protein levels were set up, with two replicates in each group. The test fish were randomly divided into 10 groups. After the body length and body weight were measured, 10 test pools were placed. The specific grouping conditions are shown in Table 2. Ten days of pre-test (acclimation and feeding) were conducted before the trial, and the official trial period was April 12-May 23 for a total of 40 days.
1.3 Test Management
Tested fish were domesticated in the early period and most of the fish could feed on the feeding table. Daily feeding 4 times (5:30, 12:30, 17:30)
2.1 Effect of Different Protein Levels in Feed on Growth of Cub
As can be seen from the table, when the crude protein in the feed is lower than 42%, the tail's tail weight gain and relative growth rate significantly increase with the increase of the crude protein level in the feed; and when the crude protein level in the feed reaches or reaches Above 42%, the tail weight gain and relative growth rate did not change significantly with the increase of crude protein levels in the feed. This indicates that the maximum growth requirement for the crude protein in the diet is 42%, and when the crude protein level in the diet reaches the maximum growth requirement (42%), the excess protein cannot be effectively used, and therefore the young Growth has no obvious effect. Therefore, judging from the test data of both fish body weight gain and relative growth rate, the suitable crude protein content of the young quail feed should be 42%.
2.2 Effect of Different Protein Levels in Feed on Feed Conversion Rate
As can be seen from the table, feed conversion ratios increase with crude protein levels in feed when the crude protein level is less than 42%, and increase with increasing protein levels in feed when crude protein levels are higher than 42%. The conversion rate did not change significantly. This also shows that the suitable crude protein content of Russian quail feed should be 42%. At 22:30, the amount of bait is about 3% of the body weight of the fish, and it is appropriately adjusted according to the water temperature and the feeding conditions of the test fish. Daily record the actual amount of bait in each group, and timely clean up the residual bait in the water, keep the water clean, clear, smooth water flow. The water temperature was measured every morning, evening and evening and the average temperature was calculated.
2 Results and Analysis
Test results are shown in the table.
This may be related to the low water temperature during the cultivation. The suitable temperature for the growth of Russian quail cubs is 15-23°C, while the average temperature for the trial period is 102°C. The low water temperature is not conducive to the normal growth of Russian quail cubs, thereby reducing the growth rate of experimental larvae.
3.2 There are many studies on the protein requirement of carp at home and abroad. According to Moore et al., the crude protein content of Gaoshoujing (weights 145g-300g) was 36.5-40.0%, and the maximum protein requirement was 49.6%; Kaush et al. The crude protein requirement in the feed when the quail (weight 22g-44g) reached the highest weight gain rate was 49%; Chen Haitao and other experimental results showed that the crude protein content of the feed should be 59.8 when the pupa larvae reach the maximum growth rate. %; Chen Xibin and other studies have shown that the suitable content of crude protein for feed of Chinese sturgeon clams is 40.0-43.0%. Wang Jiqiao and Cao Shuangjun think that the requirement for crude protein for feed is about 40%. The results of this experiment are quite different from those of Moore, KaMsh, and Chen Haitao. The results are similar to those of Chen Xibin, Wang Jiqiao, and Cao Shuangjun. This may be related to the type, size, and environmental conditions of the test fish.
references
[1] Sun Dajiang, Qu Qiuzhi. Astragalus artificial breeding and breeding techniques. Ocean Publishing, 2000
[2] Zhao Daoquan, Chen Jie et al. Study on growth and development of Russian juvenile juvenile fish. Freshwater Fisheries, 2002, 32(1): 12-13
Key words Russian germanium, protein level, growth rate, feed, conversion rate
A large cold-water fish of the order Acipenseriformers, AciPenseridae, Acipenseerini, and Acipenser. The Russian cockroach is one of the earliest domesticated species of carp. It has a high economic value. Its meat is delicious and its nutritional value is high. It is a treasure in fish and its leather can be used for leather making. Cartilage has an anti-cancer effect, especially The caviar made from its eggs is a precious aquatic product on the international market and it is loved by European and American people. China imported the Russian quail with better domestication from Europe in the early 1990s and has now rapidly promoted it throughout the country. However, there are few reports on the nutritional needs and feed composition of Russian quail, so that many Russian quail farms can only refer to the results of other squid research to determine the crude protein content of the feed when formulating their feed. For this reason, five different crude protein level feeds were designed in this experiment to carry out feeding trials of Russian quail cubs in order to provide a useful reference for the artificial breeding of Russian quail.
1 Materials and Methods
1.1 Test Feed Formulation and Processing
Experimental feedstuffs used fish meal and silkworm cocoon as animal protein sources for test pups, soybean meal, corn gluten meal, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal as vegetable protein source, and secondary starch and a-starch used to regulate protein levels. The vegetable protein ratio remained essentially constant and an equal amount of attractant was added to each group of feeds. In the five formulated feeds, except for the protein levels in the feed, other nutrients in the feed remained essentially unchanged. The main composition of the feeds in each group is shown in Table 1, and the test number is 1-5. The crude protein content is 36%, 39%, 42%, 45% and 48% respectively. The experimental feed was first granulated with a small ring membrane granulator, and then broken into 3-4 mm small pellet feed to facilitate the feeding of squid.
1.2 test conditions and methods
The experiment was carried out in fingerling ponds of rainbow trout farms at the fishery station of the Shitouhe River, Shaanxi Province. The test pool was a cement pond of 4m1.5mx1.0m with a water depth of 40cm. About one-half of the test pool was filled with asbestos. Tile coverage provides a suitable living environment for young cubs; the entire test pool is covered with mesh sheets and invaded by waterproof birds. The water source is the lower water of the Shitouhe Reservoir, PH = 7.4, the total hardness is 5.14mol, and the water temperature is 10°C and 2°C. The total number of cubs is 420. The specifications are basically the same. The average body length is 23.58cm and the average body weight is 42.9g. In this experiment, five groups of crude protein levels were set up, with two replicates in each group. The test fish were randomly divided into 10 groups. After the body length and body weight were measured, 10 test pools were placed. The specific grouping conditions are shown in Table 2. Ten days of pre-test (acclimation and feeding) were conducted before the trial, and the official trial period was April 12-May 23 for a total of 40 days.
1.3 Test Management
Tested fish were domesticated in the early period and most of the fish could feed on the feeding table. Daily feeding 4 times (5:30, 12:30, 17:30)
2.1 Effect of Different Protein Levels in Feed on Growth of Cub
As can be seen from the table, when the crude protein in the feed is lower than 42%, the tail's tail weight gain and relative growth rate significantly increase with the increase of the crude protein level in the feed; and when the crude protein level in the feed reaches or reaches Above 42%, the tail weight gain and relative growth rate did not change significantly with the increase of crude protein levels in the feed. This indicates that the maximum growth requirement for the crude protein in the diet is 42%, and when the crude protein level in the diet reaches the maximum growth requirement (42%), the excess protein cannot be effectively used, and therefore the young Growth has no obvious effect. Therefore, judging from the test data of both fish body weight gain and relative growth rate, the suitable crude protein content of the young quail feed should be 42%.
2.2 Effect of Different Protein Levels in Feed on Feed Conversion Rate
As can be seen from the table, feed conversion ratios increase with crude protein levels in feed when the crude protein level is less than 42%, and increase with increasing protein levels in feed when crude protein levels are higher than 42%. The conversion rate did not change significantly. This also shows that the suitable crude protein content of Russian quail feed should be 42%. At 22:30, the amount of bait is about 3% of the body weight of the fish, and it is appropriately adjusted according to the water temperature and the feeding conditions of the test fish. Daily record the actual amount of bait in each group, and timely clean up the residual bait in the water, keep the water clean, clear, smooth water flow. The water temperature was measured every morning, evening and evening and the average temperature was calculated.
2 Results and Analysis
Test results are shown in the table.
This may be related to the low water temperature during the cultivation. The suitable temperature for the growth of Russian quail cubs is 15-23°C, while the average temperature for the trial period is 102°C. The low water temperature is not conducive to the normal growth of Russian quail cubs, thereby reducing the growth rate of experimental larvae.
3.2 There are many studies on the protein requirement of carp at home and abroad. According to Moore et al., the crude protein content of Gaoshoujing (weights 145g-300g) was 36.5-40.0%, and the maximum protein requirement was 49.6%; Kaush et al. The crude protein requirement in the feed when the quail (weight 22g-44g) reached the highest weight gain rate was 49%; Chen Haitao and other experimental results showed that the crude protein content of the feed should be 59.8 when the pupa larvae reach the maximum growth rate. %; Chen Xibin and other studies have shown that the suitable content of crude protein for feed of Chinese sturgeon clams is 40.0-43.0%. Wang Jiqiao and Cao Shuangjun think that the requirement for crude protein for feed is about 40%. The results of this experiment are quite different from those of Moore, KaMsh, and Chen Haitao. The results are similar to those of Chen Xibin, Wang Jiqiao, and Cao Shuangjun. This may be related to the type, size, and environmental conditions of the test fish.
references
[1] Sun Dajiang, Qu Qiuzhi. Astragalus artificial breeding and breeding techniques. Ocean Publishing, 2000
[2] Zhao Daoquan, Chen Jie et al. Study on growth and development of Russian juvenile juvenile fish. Freshwater Fisheries, 2002, 32(1): 12-13
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