Deep cryogenic distillation column (volume name: mechanical engineering)
Cryogenicrectificationcolumn
The cryogenic equipment utilizes a device having a different boiling point of each component of the liquefied feed gas, and separating the gas components by multiple partial condensation and partial evaporation. The cryogenic rectification column has a sieve tray tower, a bubble tower, a float valve tower and a packed tower according to the structure.
The working principle puts the multi-component liquid in a closed container and a part of the evaporation (ie partial evaporation) after heating. Since the components have different boiling points, the low-boiling components in the liquid evaporate first, resulting in a different composition in the liquid phase and the gas phase in the closed vessel. The concentration of the low-boiling component in the gas phase is greater than the concentration of the low-boiling component in the liquid phase; the concentration of the high-boiling component in the liquid phase is greater than the concentration of the high-boiling component in the gas phase. Similarly, there is a partial condensation (ie partial condensation) after the vapor has cooled. The concentration of the high boiling component in the condensate is greater than the concentration of the high boiling component in the gas phase. The rectification process is repeated partial condensation and partial evaporation. This process is carried out in a rectification column. When performing the rectification operation, the top of the tower must have a downstream liquid, and the bottom tower must have a continuously rising vapor, and the gas and liquid of each layer of the tray are contacted, mass and heat exchange are performed, and partial evaporation and partial condensation are continuously performed, thereby The low-boiling components in the ascending vapor become more and more concentrated to obtain the desired pure gas; at the same time, the high-boiling components in the downstream liquid become more and more concentrated, thereby obtaining the desired pure liquid. A multi-layer tray (such as a sieve tray) is disposed in the liquid air rectification column. When the gas-liquid contact on the tray is reached, the rising vapor obtains a cold amount from the lower temperature liquid flowing down the previous tray, and the high-boiling component (oxygen) in the vapor is partially condensed into the liquid, and the oxygen component in the liquid is The liquid is increased from the vapor, and the low-boiling component (nitrogen) is partially evaporated to increase the nitrogen component of the gas. Each tray of the rectification column is a place for mass and heat exchange between gas and liquid phases. The rectification process is achieved by the heat and mass exchange of multiple trays in the rectification column. Zui finally gets liquid oxygen at the bottom of the tower and high purity gas nitrogen at the top of the tower.
There are several layers of trays in the sieve tray tower, which have many small holes in the shape of a sieve and are equipped with an overflow pipe. The vapor rises from the lower portion, passes through the small holes of each of the sieve plates, and is bubbled through the liquid layer on the sieve plate. The liquid flows down the layer from the overflow pipe. The diameter of the mesh holes is generally 0.9 to 1.1 mm, the pitch is 2.1 to 3.25 mm, and the mesh holes are arranged in an equilateral triangle on the tray. The sieve tray tower has the advantages of high efficiency, simple structure and low manufacturing cost in the operation range, but the operation range of the tower is narrow, and the installation level of the tray is required to be high.
The bubble column is provided with a plurality of blisters on the tray, each bubble consisting of a toothed blister and a riser tube which is submerged in the liquid. The ascending vapor passes through the riser tube, bubbling through the liquid layer from the sipe on the blister, and the liquid flows through the overflow tube into the next tray. It can work stably in a wide operating range and maintain a certain efficiency, but the tray structure is complex, the manufacturing cost is high, and the resistance is large.
The valve tower of the float valve tower is developed from the bubble tower. The structure is similar to that of the bubble tower, but each hole is equipped with a float valve (see figure) that can move up and down, covering the valve hole instead of the fixed bubble. The float valve can freely move up and down within a certain height, adjust the flow area to adapt to different gas throughput, and maintain high efficiency in a wide operating range, and the tray structure is simple, the installation is easy, and the manufacturing cost is low.
A packing is stacked in the packed tower to increase the contact area between the gas and liquid phases. The commonly used fillers for zui are solid fillers such as rings, saddles and corrugations, and wire mesh fillers. The liquid flows downward from the top of the tower along the surface of the packing, and the vapor continuously contacts the liquid film from bottom to top. The concentration of vapor and liquid varies continuously along the height of the column. The packed tower has a simple structure and a small resistance, but requires a uniform distribution of the liquid in the tower section to achieve high efficiency.
Cryogenicrectificationcolumn
The cryogenic equipment utilizes a device having a different boiling point of each component of the liquefied feed gas, and separating the gas components by multiple partial condensation and partial evaporation. The cryogenic rectification column has a sieve tray tower, a bubble tower, a float valve tower and a packed tower according to the structure.
The working principle puts the multi-component liquid in a closed container and a part of the evaporation (ie partial evaporation) after heating. Since the components have different boiling points, the low-boiling components in the liquid evaporate first, resulting in a different composition in the liquid phase and the gas phase in the closed vessel. The concentration of the low-boiling component in the gas phase is greater than the concentration of the low-boiling component in the liquid phase; the concentration of the high-boiling component in the liquid phase is greater than the concentration of the high-boiling component in the gas phase. Similarly, there is a partial condensation (ie partial condensation) after the vapor has cooled. The concentration of the high boiling component in the condensate is greater than the concentration of the high boiling component in the gas phase. The rectification process is repeated partial condensation and partial evaporation. This process is carried out in a rectification column. When performing the rectification operation, the top of the tower must have a downstream liquid, and the bottom tower must have a continuously rising vapor, and the gas and liquid of each layer of the tray are contacted, mass and heat exchange are performed, and partial evaporation and partial condensation are continuously performed, thereby The low-boiling components in the ascending vapor become more and more concentrated to obtain the desired pure gas; at the same time, the high-boiling components in the downstream liquid become more and more concentrated, thereby obtaining the desired pure liquid. A multi-layer tray (such as a sieve tray) is disposed in the liquid air rectification column. When the gas-liquid contact on the tray is reached, the rising vapor obtains a cold amount from the lower temperature liquid flowing down the previous tray, and the high-boiling component (oxygen) in the vapor is partially condensed into the liquid, and the oxygen component in the liquid is The liquid is increased from the vapor, and the low-boiling component (nitrogen) is partially evaporated to increase the nitrogen component of the gas. Each tray of the rectification column is a place for mass and heat exchange between gas and liquid phases. The rectification process is achieved by the heat and mass exchange of multiple trays in the rectification column. Zui finally gets liquid oxygen at the bottom of the tower and high purity gas nitrogen at the top of the tower.
There are several layers of trays in the sieve tray tower, which have many small holes in the shape of a sieve and are equipped with an overflow pipe. The vapor rises from the lower portion, passes through the small holes of each of the sieve plates, and is bubbled through the liquid layer on the sieve plate. The liquid flows down the layer from the overflow pipe. The diameter of the mesh holes is generally 0.9 to 1.1 mm, the pitch is 2.1 to 3.25 mm, and the mesh holes are arranged in an equilateral triangle on the tray. The sieve tray tower has the advantages of high efficiency, simple structure and low manufacturing cost in the operation range, but the operation range of the tower is narrow, and the installation level of the tray is required to be high.
The bubble column is provided with a plurality of blisters on the tray, each bubble consisting of a toothed blister and a riser tube which is submerged in the liquid. The ascending vapor passes through the riser tube, bubbling through the liquid layer from the sipe on the blister, and the liquid flows through the overflow tube into the next tray. It can work stably in a wide operating range and maintain a certain efficiency, but the tray structure is complex, the manufacturing cost is high, and the resistance is large.
The valve tower of the float valve tower is developed from the bubble tower. The structure is similar to that of the bubble tower, but each hole is equipped with a float valve (see figure) that can move up and down, covering the valve hole instead of the fixed bubble. The float valve can freely move up and down within a certain height, adjust the flow area to adapt to different gas throughput, and maintain high efficiency in a wide operating range, and the tray structure is simple, the installation is easy, and the manufacturing cost is low.
A packing is stacked in the packed tower to increase the contact area between the gas and liquid phases. The commonly used fillers for zui are solid fillers such as rings, saddles and corrugations, and wire mesh fillers. The liquid flows downward from the top of the tower along the surface of the packing, and the vapor continuously contacts the liquid film from bottom to top. The concentration of vapor and liquid varies continuously along the height of the column. The packed tower has a simple structure and a small resistance, but requires a uniform distribution of the liquid in the tower section to achieve high efficiency.
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