In recent years, the occurrence of freeze injury in wheat has severely affected production. In addition to the cold intensity and the duration of low temperature, frost damage has a lot to do with planting and field management. In production, field management should be strengthened and strong seedlings cultivated to ensure the safe winter wheat.
Causes (1) Climate factors. In recent years, the warm winter climate has accelerated the wheat growth process, advanced the jointing period, reduced the antifreeze capacity of wheat seedlings, dropped sharply during winter or early spring, and has a long duration of low temperature, resulting in frozen wheat. (2) Tillage factors. Some wheat fields are sown early, wheat is prosperous, and the ability to resist coldness is reduced; or for looting and planting, the soil preparation is extensive, and the quality of the wheat seedlings is poor, and at the same time, cold air is easily invaded under the soil and the frostbite is rooted. (3) Fertility factors. Improper fertilization at the time of sowing, resulting in prolonged growth or poor wheat growth before winter, are prone to frost damage.
Preventive measures (1) Improve the quality of sowing and cultivate strong seedlings before winter. Applying basal fertilizer, fine soil preparation, and pouring water at the end of the drought. The seeds are sifted, immersed in seeds, soaked in seeds, and sowed at appropriate, appropriate, and appropriate depths. (2) Strengthen field management, control Wang Miao and promote weak seedlings. For wheat fields with prosperous growth, plant growth regulators such as paclobutrazol can be sprayed to retard the growth of wheat seedlings. For late-seeding weak seedlings, single-seeded seedlings, waterlogged seedlings, and drug-resistant seedlings and insufficient base fertilizers, appropriate NPK fertilizers can be applied per acre before winter to promote the growth of tillers and roots. (3) timely irrigation in winter to ensure safe winter. Winter irrigation can form a good soil moisture environment, adjust the soil nutrients in the plough layer, bridge the earth seam, increase the heat capacity of the soil, and promote the growth and development of seedlings. It is advisable to water at a temperature of 4°C, and it is not suitable for winter irrigation when the temperature is lower than 4°C.
The remedial measures should be applied to the fields where the leaves are frozen and the young ears are not fully frozen. Water should be applied early to prevent the dehydration of the young ears. The young crops should be promptly applied to the frozen fields of the young panicles, and the urea should be applied in combination with watering. Kg or ammonium bicarbonate 20 to 30 kg, prompting the wheat seedlings to resume growth as soon as possible, and promote tillering into the panicle. The temperature is too low and the soil is carefully watered during the freezing period. Combined with cultivating loose soil, it can increase the temperature of the soil, promote the growth and development of wheat, and make up for the loss of frost damage.
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