Cyclamen

Historical Cyclamens Greece, Turkey, Italy, Cyprus and other countries and regions originating from the Mediterranean coast are the semi-cold-tolerant bulbous plants of Primula. Gardening is attributed to bulbous flowers, but cyclamen differs from other bulbous types in that it does not form points and sub-balls. Cyclamen's name is derived from the Greek Kyklenos, which means that the circulatory state means that its pedicels will be spiral. The cultivation and recording of cyclamen began as early as medieval times. Archeologists have seen the cyclamen in the early frescoes found in Crete, Greece. Cyclamen has been used to decorate churches. The early botanist Miller had a detailed description of cyclamen. Before the 16th century, however, people used cyclamen as a medicinal plant. They thought that the dry bulb powder had oxytocin. In England a long time ago, cyclamen was called Sow bread, a pig's bread, presumably because local pigs liked to dig up the bulb from the soil for food. Cyclamen as an ornamental and potted flower first entered the English garden in 1596, and after 1731 it passed from England to the rest of the world. In the middle of the 18th century, horticulturists from Britain, France and Germany started the cultivation of new varieties of Cyclamen so that more and more varieties were introduced and spread throughout the European continent. Until today, Europe is still the center of Cyclamen. From the 19th century, Japan introduced the original species of cyclamen and horticultural varieties for cultivation. The name was 篝 spark, but the bright red cyclamen blossomed like a bonfire. With the use of modern architecture and open offices and large glass windows in shopping malls, the range of applications for cyclamen is also increasing, and sales in the world are increasing. In 1971, the World Cyclamen Association was established in the United Kingdom. At present, its members have spread all over the world. The exchange of seeds among members and the exchange of cultivation techniques have promoted the continuous development of this plant. In Europe, as a symbol of elegance and elegance, Cyclamen has gone from Christmas to tens of thousands of families, bringing the spring to people. In Japan, cyclamen is the preferred flower for almost all festive occasions. In the 1920s and 1930s, China began to introduce a small amount of cyclamen for cultivation. Because of its shape resembling a rabbit's ear, it was called the rabbit ear flower, and because of its bulbous shape, it was called the radish jellyfish. After entering the 1980s, Cyclamen has been vigorously developed in our country and has now become one of the most well-known flowers. The origin of the species Cyclamen is very complex, and there is evidence that Cyclamen is one of the early types of plants that survived prehistoric because many of its important characteristics existed in the Tertiary geological era of 6 million years ago. In addition, from the geographical distribution of its original species, it is also a different type developed from a primitive species when the land surface is separated and transferred during the crustal movement. Therefore, although many cyclamen seem to be similar, the cross between them is not robust, and the number of chromosomes in cyclamen within a region or ecological area is also inconsistent. Cyclamens can be divided into 18 lines and 20 species. Most of the species are named according to their origins. For example, Cyprus Cyclamen, Cyclamen greece, European Cyclamen, etc. Most of the varieties cultivated now are from In the common species Cyclamen Persicum Mill. After long-term cultivation by people, Cyclamen has formed a variety of varieties. People use the color, flower shape, size and purpose of the flower and leaf color to intuitively name it, such as soft pink, pink, pink and purple crowns. and many more. In Japan, the names of many new varieties of cyclamen are given some cultural flavors. For example, for some big flower varieties, they are named after composers and they are called composers. Chopin is a light red flower, Strauss is a bright red flower, the thick purple is called Beethoven, and Liszt is a big flower variety with a pale pink flower and a red stem. The hybrid generation is named after the world-famous opera name and is called the opera department. If Carmen is a red flower, Aida is a thick red. The most outstanding variety in the cyclamen is characterized by red lace on the white background. The fold-colored multi-colored variety is called Victory Goddess or Victoria, and it can be seen as its nobleness. Many miniature cyclamen are vividly classified as gemstones, known as amethyst, spinel and so on. Miniature cyclamen is characterized by small flowers and flowering earlier. The cyclamen flower is very beautiful and pleasant. When flowering, it is bent backwards. After flowering, the petals snaking up close to the peduncle turn upwards, resembling rabbit ears, so it is commonly called rabbit ear flower. However, some flowers don't turn over or the petals are only semi-inverted to show a windmill. In general, the brownish green bracts at the top of the pedicels are rarely seen. The petal shape of Cyclamen varies from species to species, with single petals (five petals), double petals, flat petals, and wavy, large floral cyclamen petals all over the rim, burrs that can wrinkle like an orchid. The size and width of the petals are also very different. The cyclamen petals of giant flowers can be up to 7 cm in length, while the petals of miniature cyclamen can be as short as 1 cm or less. Blooms are heavy and overlapping, while butterfly petals are like dancing butterflies. The number of flowering cyclamen varies depending on the variety and cultivation time, and some of them can open up to hundreds of flowers at the same time. The colors of cyclamen are very colorful. There are pure white, pink, red, polychromatic, purple, and even dark purple flowers. Most cyclamen species have only weak odors from specific cells in the corolla. Wild common species Cyclamen and newly selected cultivars have strong aromas and are very suitable for bouquets on the table because Most people have a special liking for fragrant flowers, so one of the pursuits of breeders is to find ways to stimulate the aroma cells in the cyclamen flowers and cultivate cyclamen varieties that are both beautiful and aromatic. Cyclamens have large round or oblate bulbs, which are the storage organs formed to survive the dormancy period. There is a thick soft skin on the surface of the bulb, and the bulb is rich in starch. The size and shape of bulbs vary widely. Roots grow in the lower half of bulbs, which are fleshy fibrous roots. Because of the different seeds, the way the cyclamen grows from the bulbs is also different. The root groups can form at the base and can also form at the sides and top. The cyclamen leaves have a high ornamental value. The leaves have a heart shape, a kidney shape, a short sword shape, an ivy leaf shape, and so on. The leaf margins are full, and some have fine teeth. The green surface of the leaves is dark and bright, with silver leaves, thick silver leaves or no silver. The modern view flower is a combination of leaves and leaves, and the leaf markings are very clear and beautiful. Some are reticular ornamentations, some have pods or spears on a dark or bright background, and these leaves and leaves are rich in color. It is rare for other flowers. The leaves of cyclamen are usually green or purple-red, and the leaf size varies greatly. The leaves can grow before flowering, or appear together with flowers, and some grow after the flower. Cultivation Cyclamen is native to the forests or shrubs in the limestone areas of the Mediterranean coastal countries. These places are of a maritime climate. The winter is warm and rainy and humid, and in summer the heat is less and the rain is dry. Cyclamen formed the habit of flowering in the early autumn and early spring. When the summer heat, which is not suitable for growth, comes into being, the leaves fall into dormancy and spend the summer in the bulbous state to form a growth cycle. After cyclamen introduced to the rest of the world, if it meets the climate type similar to that of the original habitat, it inherits the characteristics of dormancy in the summer high temperature period and becomes the bulbous flower of autumn. In production and cultivation, in order for Cyclamen to bloom on New Year's Day and Spring Festival celebrations, seeds of Cyclamen are often sown in the late autumn and early winter to continue its growth in the summer. In this way, the cyclamen ceases to grow at high temperatures in summer and leaves the leaves dead and dormant. This summer dormancy of cyclamen is actually a compulsive dormancy formed due to unfavorable environmental conditions. During the dormancy, slow cell division and flower bud differentiation continue to occur in the plant, if it is then to create suitable growth. Conditions can resume growth. Therefore, in the summer to create a cool environment, continue to water, cyclamen still has the characteristics of growing new leaves to continue the birth, its characteristics in the native place due to high summer temperatures, low rainfall and into the eye off can be changed by changing the environmental conditions . China is a vast country with different climate types from south to north. There are both warm springs and hot summers at the same time. If we create environmental conditions conducive to the growth and development of Cyclamen, or use the climatic advantages of each place to meet it The demand, then the Cyclamen can normally bloom in various places, there are some areas in the south, there will be used in the summer to pull the Cyclamen to the alpine cold regions over the summer, and then fall back into the original production of flowering growth mode. The suitable temperature for cyclamen growth is about 20°C during the day and 10°C at night, and the seedling temperature is slightly lower. When the leaves grow to about 10 pieces, it is 18°C, which is good for root development and carbohydrate accumulation. When entering the 30-leaf seedling stage, the temperature can be increased to 20?2?C. Cyclamen leaf respiration increased with increasing temperature, reached a maximum at 20°C, and then began to decrease with increasing temperature. The decrease of respiratory intensity will inevitably affect the metabolism of cyclamen, which will affect the growth and development. Long-term high temperatures will lead to dormancy and semi-dormant. The quality of cyclamen's finished flower has a lot to do with whether it enters hibernation or not. If the growth is stopped due to unsuitable temperature in the summer, the number of growing days will decrease after entering the fall, the number of leaves formed will be less, the coverage of the leaves of potted plants will be poor, and the overall situation will be poor. The flower buds of cyclamen were born between leaves and leaves. It was basically a leaf and a flower, which led to less leaves and flowers because of dormancy. The semi-cold cyclamen of sex and cold tolerance has a certain tolerance to low temperature, but too low temperature can cause flowering delay. Large flower cyclamen can normally bloom at a temperature of 10-12 °C at night if the temperature is maintained at When flowering at 7°C, it will be postponed. When the temperature is 5°C, it is generally difficult to flower. Small and medium-sized cyclamen are better able to withstand low temperatures than big flower cyclamen. In addition, the temperature at night can not be too high, otherwise it will make the plants grow weak, flowers and leaves lodging. Cyclamen is native to the rot leaf soil in the bushes or in the forest. Although it is a light plant, it cannot be exposed to strong light. Especially in summer, it cannot be directly exposed to sunlight. Excessive light not only burns the leaves, but also the temperature High will lead to dormancy, generally should be shaded 50-60% in summer. Cyclamen flowers do not have special requirements for the photoperiod and they belong to the China Sunshine Plant. They do not need long sunshine as the iris does, nor do they need short sunshine as the chrysanthemum, but the light time has a great effect on the growth and bulb formation of cyclamen. A large role in prolonging photosynthesis can accumulate more carbohydrates and accelerate growth. The root of cyclamen is fleshy root, which requires loose and air-breathing cultivation medium. It is better to use organic-rich rot leaf. The proportion of N, P, and K in the fertilizer has a very important influence on the growth and development of cyclamen. After research, it has been found that a cyclamen consumes about 0.26 g of nitrogen and 0.26 g of y Phosphorus oxide and 1.57 grams of potassium, compared with other flower and vegetable crops, Cyclamen absorption of potassium, calcium, and magnesium is greater, in the one-year growth cycle nutrient absorption before April Less, later absorbed faster, so after entering April should increase the frequency of fertilization, to meet the nutrients needed for growth. The root of cyclamen is fleshy root, which requires loose and air-breathing cultivation medium. It is better to use organic-rich rot leaf. The proportion of N, P, and K in the fertilizer has a very important influence on the growth and development of cyclamen. After research, it has been found that a cyclamen consumes about 0.26 g of nitrogen and 0.26 g of y Phosphorus oxide and 1.57 grams of potassium, compared with other flower and vegetable crops, Cyclamen absorption of potassium, calcium, and magnesium is greater, in the one-year growth cycle nutrient absorption before April Less, later absorbed faster, so after entering April should increase the frequency of fertilization, to meet the nutrients needed for growth. The propagation of cyclamen is mainly carried out through seeds. Although vegetative propagation can also be carried out using bulbous cuttings, it is not commonly used in production due to the low reproduction rate, long propagation time, and the fact that wounds are susceptible to infection and rot. . The use of seed propagation has the advantages of simplicity, high reproduction rate, low seedling raising costs, and robust plant growth. At the same time, the flowering time can be determined according to the sowing date. In general, for the flowering of New Year's Day and Spring Festival, the big flower fairy Visitors were planted from September to October, 13 to 5 months after sowing, and the flower cyclamen were planted in January and flowered after 10 to 2 months after sowing. Premature sowing was not conducive to growth due to high temperatures in summer. It is too late to grow slowly due to the temperature being too low. Cyclamens are not only suitable for potted plants but also can be used for cut flowers. Cyclamen cut flowers have a good vase life. No measures are taken. They can be bottled for 15 days to a month. This provides cyclamen cut flowers. Excellent conditions. Cyclamens can also be cultivated in combination with other flowers. According to different ideas, they can be used to create a variety of symbols and patterns, or can be used to make bonsai with mountains and rocks to express certain customs and so on. The nostalgia can also be used centrally by the cyclamen and combined into large potted plants to render the atmosphere.

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